{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:43:35Z","timestamp":1766087015553,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]],"date-time":"2015-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 This paper aims to propose an entity-based scientific metadata schema, i.e. Scientific Knowledge Object (SKO) Types. During the past 50 years, many metadata schemas have been developed in a variety of disciplines. However, current scientific metadata schemas focus on describing data, but not entities. They are descriptive, but few of them are structural and administrative. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 To describe entities in scientific knowledge, the theory of SKO Types is proposed. SKO Types is an entity-based theory for representing and linking SKOs. It defines entities, relationships between entities and attributes of each entity in the scientific domain. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 In scientific knowledge management, SKO Types serves as the basis for relating entities, entity components, aggregated entities, relationships and attributes to various tasks, e.g. linked entity, rhetorical structuring, strategic reading, semantic annotating, etc., that users may perform when consulting ubiquitous SKOs. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 SKO Types can be widely applied in various digital libraries and scientific knowledge management systems, while for the existing legacy of scientific publications and their associated metadata schemas.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-11-2014-0452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T05:57:23Z","timestamp":1423807043000},"page":"60-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["SKO Types: an entity-based scientific knowledge objects metadata schema"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Giunchiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b2","unstructured":"Cantara, L.\n                (2005), \u201cMets: the metadata encoding and transmission standard\u201d, \n                  Metadata: A Cataloger\u2019s Primer\n               , Routledge, London, p. 237."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b3","unstructured":"Delsey, T.\n                (2002), \u201cFunctional analysis of the MARC 21 bibliographic and holdings formats\u201d, Library of Congress, Network Development, and MARC StandardsOffice, available at: www.loc.gov\/marc\/marc-functional-analysis\/original_source\/analysis.pdf"},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b4","unstructured":"Doerr, M.\n                (2003), \u201cThe cidoc conceptual reference module: an ontological approach tosemantic interoperability of metadata\u201d, \n                  AI magazine\n               , Vol. 24 No. 3, p. 75."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giunchiglia, F.\n               , \n                  Xu, H.\n               , \n                  Birukou, A.\n                and \n                  Chenu, R.\n                (2010a), \u201cScientific knowledge object patterns\u201d, Proceedings of 15th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Program, EuroPLoP 2010, Irsee Monastery, Bavaria.","DOI":"10.1145\/2328909.2328928"},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b6","unstructured":"Giunchiglia, F.\n               , \n                  Chenu-Abente, R.\n               , \n                  Xu, H.\n                and \n                  Kharkevich, U.\n                (2010b), \u201cA metadata-enabled scientific discourse platform\u201d, E-Print, University of Trento, Trento, Technical Report # DISI-10-069, available at: http:\/\/eprints.biblio.unitn.it\/archive\/00001939\/01\/069.pdf (accessed 10 October 2014)."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b7","unstructured":"Guenther, R.\n                (2004), \u201cPremis-preservation metadata implementation strategies update 2:Core elements for metadata to support digital preservation\u201d, \n                  RLG DigiNews\n               , Vol. 8 No. 6."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagoze, C.\n               , \n                  Van de Sompel, H.\n               , \n                  Nelson, M.\n                and \n                  Warner, S.\n                (2002), \u201cOpen archives initiative protocol for metadata harvesting-v. 2.0\u201d, available at: www.openarchives.org\/OAI\/openarchivesprotocol.html","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830310479776"},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b8","unstructured":"IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee\n                (2002), 1484.12.1-2002 - IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata, available at: http:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/findstds\/standard\/1484.12.1-2002.html"},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b9","unstructured":"National Information Standards Organization\n                (2004), \n                  Understanding Metadata\n               , NISO Press, Bethesda."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ONeill, E.T.\n                (2002), \u201cFrbr: functional requirements for bibliographic records\u201d, \n                  Library Resources & Technical Services\n               , Vol. 46 No. 4, pp. 150-159.","DOI":"10.5860\/lrts.46n4.150"},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitti, D.V.\n                (2005), \u201cEncoded archival description: an introduction and overview\u201d, \n                  ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives\n               , Vol. 20 No. 1.","DOI":"10.4314\/esarjo.v20i1.30985"},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b12","unstructured":"Xu, H.\n                (2010a), \u201cManaging ubiquitous scientific knowledge on semantic web\u201d, \n                  AST\/UCMA\/ISA\/ACN\n               , in \n                  Miyazaki, \n               Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6059, Springer, Kanto, pp. 421-430."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b13","unstructured":"Xu, H.\n                (2010b), \u201cA semantic pattern for scientific discourse representation\u201d, \n                  Journal of Computational Information Systems\n               , Vol. 6 No. 13, pp. 4223-4228."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b14","unstructured":"Xu, H.\n                (2010c), \u201cA semantic pattern approach to managing scientific publications\u201d, \n                  Automation of Software Test\n               , in \n                  Miyazaki, \n               Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6059, Springer, Kanto, pp. 431-434."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b15","unstructured":"Xu, H.\n                (2010d), \u201cNew format and framework for managing scientific knowledge\u201d, \n                  Future Generation Information Technology\n               , Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6485, Springer, Jeju Island, pp. 290-293."},{"key":"key2020122619464966500_b16","unstructured":"Xu, H.\n                (2011), \u201cManaging ubiquitous scientific knowledge objects\u201d, PhD Dissertation, University of Trento, Trento."}],"container-title":["Journal of Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JKM-11-2014-0452\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JKM-11-2014-0452\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:27:59Z","timestamp":1753396079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jkm\/article\/19\/1\/60-70\/259767"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dr.","family":"Biswanath Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dr.","family":"Devika P. Madalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JKM-11-2014-0452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jkm-11-2014-0452","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-3270"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1367-3270"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]}}}