{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:04:04Z","timestamp":1777586644935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JKM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The paper aims to clearly differentiate knowledge sharing (KS) and knowledge transfer (KT) besides exemplifying their interconnections to minimize the current confusions in the knowledge management (KM) literature.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An extensive literature review method was used to analyse relevant literature on both KS and KT to clearly delineate their differences and their interconnections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The paper found that KS is a subset of KT (using personalization strategy), whereas KT as a whole is a broader concept, if compared with KS. However, KS is not one of the immediate processes involved in KT (using codification strategy). The processes involved in KS and KT differ according to the strategy used (in KT) and perspective chosen (in KS). Other findings include KS (unidirectional) as reflective concept (viewed so far), whereas KS (bidirectional), KT (personalization) and KT (codification) as formative concepts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings of this paper were based on the review of selected relevant articles only.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical Implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The paper will minimize the current confusions in the KM literature and will assist future researches on both KS and KT to ensure what these concepts entail to avoid construct underrepresentation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As compared to previous attempts, the present paper has shown the interconnections between KS and KT, as well as the differences based on the two perspectives of KS (unidirectional\/bidirectional) and the two strategies of KT (personalization\/codification), and such effort is new in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-11-2015-0427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T07:57:15Z","timestamp":1470211035000},"page":"653-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Knowledge sharing is knowledge transfer: a misconception in the literature"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gangeswari","family":"Tangaraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roziah","family":"Mohd Rasdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bahaman","family":"Abu Samah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maimunah","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref001","first-page":"357","article-title":"Developing a model for knowledge sharing in research centers","volume":"43","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270710738898","article-title":"Organizational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors","volume":"11","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/3250961","article-title":"Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2020121422123869900_ref004","volume-title":"Introduction to Research in Education","year":"2011","edition":"8th ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270010372251","article-title":"The transfer of knowledge and the retention of expertise: the continuing need for global assignments","volume":"4","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4018\/irmj.2002040102","article-title":"Breaking the myths of rewards: an exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing","volume":"15","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information Resources Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref007","first-page":"89","article-title":"Tacit knowledge sharing between IT workers: the role of organizational culture, personality, and social environment","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Management Research Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-10-2012-0323","article-title":"Aligning strategies and processes in knowledge management: a framework","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121422123869900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2010.0985","article-title":"Expatriate knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and subsidiary performance","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"key2020121422123869900_ref010","unstructured":"Chennamaneni, A. 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