{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:19:09Z","timestamp":1778829549418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JKM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper seeks to understand the strategic behaviour of researchers when producing knowledge in two scientific fields \u2013 nanotechnology and social sciences.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The author conducted semi-structured interviews with 43 researchers to analyse the needs for strategic interdependence (resource-sharing) and for organisational autonomy (decision-making) in knowledge production. When aligned, these two concepts form three modes of behaviour: mode1, mode2 and mode3.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The empirical study results show that, besides well-studied differences in various publications, there are large behaviour differences between social science and nanotechnology researchers. While nanotechnology researchers\u2019 behaviours are mostly in mode3 (sharing resources; highly autonomous), social science researchers\u2019 behaviours tend to be in mode1 (highly autonomous; no need to share resources).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study delivers an understanding of the differences in the strategic behaviours of researchers in different scientific fields. The author proposes managerial interventions for research managers \u2013 university and research group leaders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>While most studies that compare scientific fields look at knowledge production outcomes, the author analyses conditions that differentiate these outcomes. To this end, the author compares individual researchers\u2019 behaviours in different fields by analysing the need for collaboration and the need for autonomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-11-2015-0444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T16:50:41Z","timestamp":1475081441000},"page":"1148-1167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding researchers\u2019 strategic behaviour in knowledge production: a case of social science and nanotechnology researchers"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kasia","family":"Zalewska-Kurek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121221043554900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-008-9139-z","article-title":"Research collaboration and productivity: is there correlation?","volume":"57","year":"2009","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref002","first-page":"449","article-title":"Performance and autonomy in organizations: determining dominants environmental components","volume":"24","year":"1978","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2307\/2095801","article-title":"Departmental effect on scientific productivity","volume":"55","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"key2020121221043554900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.03.003","article-title":"University research funding and publication performance-an international comparison","volume":"39","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014254214337","article-title":"Reflections on scientific collaboration (and its study): past, present, and future","volume":"52","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref006","first-page":"29","article-title":"The opportunity paradox","volume":"56","year":"2014","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-008-9101-3","article-title":"Search regimes and the industrial dynamics of science","volume":"46","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.05.002","article-title":"Proliferation dynamics in new sciences","volume":"39","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2004.01.008","article-title":"Scientists\u2019 collaboration strategies: implications for scientific and technical human capital","volume":"33","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"key2020121221043554900_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-012-9281-8","article-title":"Research collaboration in universities and academic entrepreneurship: the state-of-the-art","volume":"38","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref012","first-page":"201","article-title":"\u2018Mode 3\u2019 and \u2018Quadruple Helix\u2019: toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem","volume":"46","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020121221043554900_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2004.03.004","article-title":"Does research organization influence academic production? 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