{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:00:33Z","timestamp":1768626033501,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JKM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to investigate the influence of inventors\u2019 abilities to acquire external knowledge, provide broad and professional knowledge and patenting output (i.e. different types of inventors) on the formation of structural holes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors collected 59,798 patents applied for and granted in the USA by 33 of the largest firms worldwide in the pharmaceutical industry between 1975 and 2014. A random-effects tobit model was used to test the hypotheses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The inventors\u2019 ability to acquire external knowledge contributes to the formation of structural holes. While inventors\u2019 ability to provide broad knowledge positively affects the formation of structural holes, their ability to provide professional knowledge works otherwise. In addition, key inventors and industrious inventors are more likely to form structural holes than talents.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results identify individual factors that affect the formation of structural holes and improve the understanding of structural hole theory. This study is unique in that most scholars have studied the consequences of structural hole formation rather than their antecedents. Studies on the origin of structural holes neglect the effect of inventors\u2019 knowledge abilities and patenting output. By addressing this gap, this study contributes to a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of structural holes. The results can guide managers in managing structural holes in accordance with inventors\u2019 knowledge abilities and patenting outputs, which optimize the allocation of network resources.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-12-2022-0971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T02:04:09Z","timestamp":1714961049000},"page":"752-788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Formation of structural holes in R&amp;D context: the effect of inventors\u2019 knowledge abilities and patenting output"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yalan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chengjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/2667105","article-title":"Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: a longitudinal study","volume":"45","year":"2000","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref002","first-page":"1211","article-title":"The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks","volume":"23","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2307\/3250961","article-title":"Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1086\/661238","article-title":"The diversity-bandwidth trade-off","volume":"117","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref005","article-title":"A structural equation model relating unemployment stress, spiritual intelligence, and mental health components: mediators of coping mechanism","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Public Affairs"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/radm.12400","article-title":"Hiring new key inventors to improve firms\u2019 post-M&A inventive output","volume":"50","year":"2020","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025021208002794300_ref007","article-title":"Red giants or black holes? 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