{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1760327292573,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Public debates on the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are strongly influenced by the nongovernmental organization (NGO)-led advocacy, most of which is harshly critical of genetic engineering. This advocacy has resulted in discourse failures marked by the disregard for the scientific consensus on the risks and benefits of GMOs. This paper aims to present a theoretical inquiry into this phenomenon.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Drawing on American institutionalism and Niklas Luhmann social systems theory, the paper explains these discourse failures in terms of the problematic relationship between institutions and technology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Clarence Ayres would likely see these discourse failures as a form of \u201cinstitutional resistance\u201d to the progress of science and technology. In contrast, Marc Tool\u2019s social value principle stresses the importance of democratic legitimation and public acceptance of new technologies, while being sensitive to the possibility of ideologically biased discourses. It is argued that the institutionalist understanding of the interplay between democracy, science and technology would benefit from a better account of Niklas Luhmann\u2019s concept of \u201ccomplexity reduction\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study shows that some NGOs are powerful enough to actively shape, if not manipulate, public attitudes and sentiments against GMOs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The case of the anti-GMO advocacy calls for a new conceptualization of how democracy, science and technology fit together.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-01-2018-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T09:23:37Z","timestamp":1537867417000},"page":"888-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The anti-GMO advocacy: an institutionalist and systems-theoretic assessment"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Valentinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hielscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Everding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Pies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"volume-title":"Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Biotechnologies, Agriculture","year":"2014","author":"Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref001"},{"volume-title":"Toward a Reasonable Society: The Values of Industrial Civilization","year":"1961","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref002"},{"volume-title":"The Theory of Economic Progress: A Study of the Fundamentals of Economic Development and Cultural Change","year":"1978","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref003"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.00099","article-title":"Technological revolution meets policy and the market: Explaining cross-national differences in agricultural biotechnology regulation","volume":"42","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Political Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2015.03.011","article-title":"Fatal attraction: the intuitive appeal of GMO opposition","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1080\/00213624.1987.11504697","article-title":"The theory of institutional change","volume":"21","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Issues"},{"volume-title":"The Myth of the Rational Voter","year":"2007","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref007"},{"volume-title":"Germs, Genes, and Civilization: How Epidemics Shaped Who We Are Today","year":"2010","key":"key2020092322481200100_ref008"},{"key":"key2020092322481200100_ref009","unstructured":"Coghlan, A. 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