{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:26:18Z","timestamp":1754155578427,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper analyzes how the goal-setting of two individuals or social units A and B determines the utilities, which the two parties can gain in a dyadic interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis is based on a dyadic utility space representing the utilities of A and B along the <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic> axis, respectively. In this space the goal-orientation of an individual action is mapped with a vector, where its angle shows the combination of utilities of A and B aimed at, and the length corresponds to the strength of an action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyzing actions of A and responses of B in the dyadic utility space allows (a) calculating single and joint utilities, (b) identifying the narrow range of equal utility for both and (c) identifying four vectors for maximizing different combinations of utility. Studying combinations of these four vectors in a 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04 \u2018Interaction - Utility Matrix\u2019 shows how the goal-setting of A for a prime action widely predetermines, before a response of B, the realizable dyadic utility for both.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dyadic utility space allows illustrating any dyadic interaction: It shows all possible dyadic \u201cpayoffs\u201d investigated in game theory; it allows studying repeated exchange and resulting accumulation of utility; it allows mapping power relations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper shows the interrelation between cybernetic principles of control, goal-orientated human behavior and the utility concept of social sciences. And it allows rejecting Adam Smith\u2019s 18th myth of an \u201cinvisible hand\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-01-2022-0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T10:03:46Z","timestamp":1656324226000},"page":"4401-4418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The dyadic utility space and the interaction \u2013 utility matrix: how individual goal-setting determines realizable utilities in dyadic relations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5161-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmut","family":"Nechansky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Exchange and Power in Social Life","year":"1986","key":"key2024091916090292200_ref001"},{"volume-title":"Grundz\u00fcge der Volkswirtschaftslehre","year":"2011","key":"key2024091916090292200_ref002"},{"key":"key2024091916090292200_ref003","first-page":"429","article-title":"The origins of human cooperation","volume-title":"The Genetic and Cultural Origins of Cooperation","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2024091916090292200_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206305279602","article-title":"Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review","volume":"31","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"key":"key2024091916090292200_ref005","first-page":"38","article-title":"Exchange theory Part I: a psychological basis for social exchange","volume-title":"Sociological Theories in Progress","year":"1972"},{"key":"key2024091916090292200_ref006","first-page":"58","article-title":"Exchange theory, Part II: exchange relations and networks","volume-title":"Sociological Theories in Progress","year":"1972"},{"key":"key2024091916090292200_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.4.689","article-title":"The four elementary forms of sociality: framework for a unified theory of social relations","volume":"99","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"key2024091916090292200_ref008","unstructured":"Fiske, A.P. 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