{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T23:57:57Z","timestamp":1781049477034,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]],"date-time":"2016-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to introduce two important principles of efficiency, one on the management of a business entity and the other on the structure of employees\u2019 efforts and devotion toward realizing the mission of their organization.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All discussion and reasoning are established on some of the traditional methods of microeconomics and on the basis of the systemic yoyo model. Here, the yoyo model plays the role of intuition, while the traditional methods are utilized to present the exact details underneath the systemic thinking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>What is discovered include how management efficiency can be achieved by being flexible in terms of allowing individual employees to have conflicting personal values and how organizational inefficiency always exists no matter how the business entity is set up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The established results are applicable in all business scenarios without foreseeable limitations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>By understanding these results, business managers could simply devote more of their time and effort on being flexible in terms of management styles and focusing on the \u201cbig\u201d picture of the corporation instead of dwelling on how to improve employees\u2019 efficiencies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper establishes two very important, very useful results for managers. These results are expected to enrich the managerial understanding on what can be improved and what cannot.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-03-2016-0035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T09:31:33Z","timestamp":1476696693000},"page":"1308-1322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Principles of management efficiency and organizational inefficiency"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Lin (Jeffrey Forrest)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Orvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0483(89)90046-7","article-title":"Concepts of organizational culture and presumed links to efficiency","volume":"17","year":"1989","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1086\/260265","article-title":"A theory of social interactions","volume":"82","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref003","volume-title":"A Treatise of the Family","year":"1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1086\/261646","article-title":"A fresh look at the Rotten Kid theorem and other household mysteries","volume":"97","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref005","volume-title":"Systems Theory, Philosophy and Methodological Problems","year":"1977"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-5221(91)90039-4","article-title":"Organizational size and efficiency: an information processing view","volume":"7","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Management"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.45.9.1254","article-title":"Organizational form and efficiency: the coexistence of stock and mutual property-liability insurers","volume":"45","year":"1999","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref008","volume-title":"A Systemic Perspective on Cognition and Mathematics","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref009","volume-title":"A Systems Perspective on Financial Systems","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref010","volume-title":"Investment and Employment Opportunities in China","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies of thermal convection in a rotating cylinder with some implications for large-scale atmospheric motion","volume":"21","year":"1959","journal-title":"Meteorol Monographs (American Meteorological Society)"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref013","volume-title":"Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology","year":"1959"},{"issue":"339","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49707933916","article-title":"Some experiments on thermal convection in a rotating liquid","volume":"79","year":"1953","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of The Royal Meteorological Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref015","first-page":"122","article-title":"Organizational form and efficiency: the coexistence of family takaful and life insurance in Malaysia","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Global Business and Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1108\/K-02-2015-0057","article-title":"White box, black box and self-organization: a system-to-environment approach to leadership","volume":"45","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref017","volume-title":"Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times","year":"1972"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref018","volume-title":"Architecture of Systems Problem Solving","year":"1985"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref019","volume-title":"Facets of Systems Science","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref020","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Organizational management, efficiency, efficacy and competitiveness","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(88)90591-2","article-title":"Can the world be studied in the viewpoint of systems?","volume":"11","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modeling"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref022","volume-title":"General Systems Theory: A Mathematical Approach","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920710747101","article-title":"Systemic yoyo model and applications in Newton\u2019s, Kepler\u2019s Laws, etc","volume":"36","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kybernetes: The International Journal of Cybernetics, Systems and Management Science"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref024","volume-title":"Systemic Yoyos: Some Impacts of the Second Dimension","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref025","volume-title":"Systemic Structure Behind Human Organizations: From Civilizations to Individuals","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(90)90146-E","article-title":"Several epistemological problems related to the concept of systems","volume":"14","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modeling"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1086\/261582","article-title":"Altruism and time consistency: the economics of fair accompli","volume":"96","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref028","first-page":"463","article-title":"A unifying and dynamic resource","volume":"33","author":"Mathematical Sciences","year":"1985","journal-title":"Notices of the American Mathematical Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref029","first-page":"95","article-title":"Management efficiency","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foundations of Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAMS.2010.029799","article-title":"Measurement of enterprise management efficiency based upon information entropy and evidence theory","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Management Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2010.01.004","article-title":"Goal directed benchmarking for organizational efficiency","volume":"38","year":"2010","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1108\/K-01-2015-0015","article-title":"The influence of moral sensitivity on organizational cooperation","volume":"44","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"key2020121223393416800_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1108\/K-12-2014-0281","article-title":"Towards a simple dynamical model of citizens\u2019 perception","volume":"44","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref034","unstructured":"von Bertalanffy, L. (1924), \u201cEinfuhrung in Spengler\u2019s werk\u201d, Literaturblatt Kolnische Zeitung, May."},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref035","volume-title":"Beyond Nonstructural Quantitative Analysis: Blown-ups, Spinning Currents and Modern Science","year":"2002"},{"key":"key2020121223393416800_ref036","volume-title":"Capital Account Liberation: Methods and Applications","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/K-03-2016-0035","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-03-2016-0035\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-03-2016-0035\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:47:14Z","timestamp":1753393634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/45\/8\/1308-1322\/272599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/K-03-2016-0035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/k-03-2016-0035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]}}}