{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:26:22Z","timestamp":1754155582460,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impacts of the communication time-delays to the distributed containment control of the second-order multi-agent systems with directed topology. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 A basic theoretical analysis is first carried out for the containment control of the second-order multi-agent systems under directed topology without communication time-delay and a sufficient condition is proposed for the achievement of containment control. Based on the above result and frequency-domain analysis method, a sufficient condition is also derived for the achievement of containment control of the second-order multi-agent systems under directed topology with communication time-delays. Finally, simulation results are presented to support the effectiveness of the theoretical results. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 For the achievement of containment control of the second-order multi-agent systems under directed topology with communication time-delay, the control gain in the control protocols is completely dependent on the communication topology structure and the maximum of time-delay in the control protocols is dependent on the given control gain and communication topology structure. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The paper investigates the containment control of the second-order multi-agent systems under directed topology with communication time-delays and presents a sufficient conditions for the achievement of containment control. The results and approach proposed in the paper may benefit interesting researchers.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-06-2013-0113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T11:46:53Z","timestamp":1412336813000},"page":"1248-1261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Containment control of second-order multi-agent systems with directed topology and time-delays"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xuyang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Baotong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b1","unstructured":"Cao, Y.\n                and \n                  Ren, W.\n                (2009), \u201cDistributed containment control with multiple stationary or dynamic leaders under a directed interaction graph\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Shanghai, pp. 3014-3019."},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Y.\n               , \n                  Stuart, D.\n               , \n                  Ren, W.\n                and \n                  Meng, Z.\n                (2011), \u201cDistributed containment control for multiple autonomous vehicles with double-integrator dynamics: algorithms and experiments\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Systems Technology, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 929-938.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2010.2053542"},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Y.\n               , \n                  Ren, W.\n                and \n                  Egerstedt, M.\n                (2012), \u201cDistributed containment control with multiple stationary or dynamic leaders in fixed and switching directed networks\u201d, Automatica, Vol. 48 No. 8, pp. 1586-1597.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2012.05.071"},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b4","unstructured":"Chen, F.\n               , \n                  Ren, W.\n                and \n                  Lin, Z.\n                (2010), \u201cMulti-agent coordination with cohesion, dispersion, and containment\u201d, Proceedings of American Control Conference, Baltimore, MD, pp. 4756-4761."},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortes, J.\n               , \n                  Martinez, S.\n                and \n                  Bullo, F.\n                (2006), \u201cRobust rendezvous for mobile autonomous agents via proximity graphs in arbitrary dimensions\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 51 No. 8, pp. 1289-1298.","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2006.878713"},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimarogonas, D.V.\n               , \n                  Egerstedt, M.\n                and \n                  Kyriakopoulos, K.J.\n                (2006), \u201cA leader-based containment control strategy for multiple unicycles\u201d, Proceedings of 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, San Diego, CA, pp. 5968-5973.","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2006.376700"},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimarogonas, D.V.\n                and \n                  Kyriakopoulos, K.J.\n                (2007), \u201cOn the rendezvous problem for multiple nonholonomic agents\u201d, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 52 No. 5, pp. 916-922.","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2007.895897"},{"key":"key2020122921575182300_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X.\n               , \n                  Xi, J.\n               , \n                  Lu, G.\n                and \n                  Zhong, Y.\n                (2012), \u201cContainment analysis and design for high-order linear time-invariant singular swarm systems with time delays\u201d, Int. 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