{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:55:48Z","timestamp":1780566948935,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 In order to avoid enterprise crisis and cause the domino effect, which influences the investment return of investors, the national economy, and financial crisis, establishing a complete set of feasible financial early warning model can help to prevent the possibility of enterprise crisis in advance, and thus, reduce the influence on society and the economy. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient financial crisis warning model. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 First, the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is used to adjust the coefficients of the parameters in the ZSCORE model (we call it the FOA_ZSCORE model), and the difference between the forecasted value and the real target value is calculated. Afterward, the generalized regressive neural network (GRNN model), with optimized spread by FOA (we call it FOA_GRNN model), is used to forecast the difference to promote the forecasting accuracy. Various models, including ZSCORE, FOA_ZSCORE, FOA_ZSCORE+GRNN, and FOA_ZSCORE+FOA_GRNN, are trained and tested. Finally, different models are compared based on their prediction accuracies and ROC curves. Furthermore, more appropriate parameters, which are different from the parameters in the original ZSCORE model, are selected by using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) method. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The hybrid model of the FOA_ZSCORE together with the FOA_GRNN offers the highest prediction accuracy, compared to other models; the MARS can be used to select more appropriate parameters to further improve the performance of the prediction models. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This paper proposes a hybrid model, FOA_ZSCORE+FOA_GRNN which offers better performance than the original ZSCORE model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-08-2015-0208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T19:05:16Z","timestamp":1460142316000},"page":"650-665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Constructing ZSCORE-based financial crisis warning models using fruit fly optimization algorithm and general regression neural network"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Tsui-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yungho","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Tsao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121621200799600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, P.\n , \n Booth, D.\n , \n Lee, K.\n and \n Thordarson, T.\n (2000), \u201cThe use of fuzzy clustering algorithm and self-organizing neural networks for identifying potentially failing banks: an experimental study\u201d, \n Expert Systems with Applications\n , Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 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