{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:15:04Z","timestamp":1767838504678,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The quintuple helix innovation model allows exploring the sustainable development of countries from the perspective of the capabilities that each of them possesses in terms of highly qualified personnel in science and technology. In addition, their distribution among the actors (helices) and the global mobility of this type of people are examined. The purpose of this paper is to dimension and characterise the research structures of the central, emerging and peripheral countries; to estimate the demand and mobility of scientists and technologists in the three selected countries; and to establish whether the concept of brain circulation applies to each of these types of countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The approach of the work is bibliometric and scientometric. In the first step, two theoretical frameworks were built. In the second step, indicators to measure the overall migration were developed and identified. In the third step, data from previous research were used, and data from Peru were added using the same methodology to be able to compare the three types of countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study shows that the same terminology cannot be used globally to analyse the mobility of scientists in today\u2019s world, despite technological advances because there is no critical mass in peripheral countries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study shows that the concept of brain circulation cannot be applied equally to all countries, because those that do not have critical mass lose capabilities, despite the existence of information and communication technologies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-08-2019-0522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T04:08:36Z","timestamp":1572322116000},"page":"2241-2262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The quintuple helix innovation model and brain circulation in central, emerging and peripheral countries"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Iv\u00e1n Manuel","family":"De la Vega Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Barcellos de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"6178","key":"key2020090405302820800_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248676","article-title":"Quantifying global international migration flows","volume":"343","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key2020090405302820800_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07052-0_1","article-title":"The era of convergence","volume-title":"Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2020090405302820800_ref003","volume-title":"Diasporas Scientifiques: Comment Les Pays en D\u00e9veloppement Peuvent-Ils Tirer Parti de Leurs Chercheurs et de Leurs Ing\u00e9nieurs Expatri\u00e9s?","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2020090405302820800_ref004","first-page":"152","article-title":"Knowledge production of firms: research networks and the \u2018scientification\u2019 of business R&D","volume-title":"International Journal of Technology Management","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020090405302820800_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mode 3\u2019: meaning and implications from a knowledge systems perspective","volume-title":"Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters. 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