{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:07:01Z","timestamp":1783577221804,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Grey System Theory (GST) is an emerging area of research within artificial intelligence. Since its founding in 1982, it has seen a lot of multidisciplinary applications. In just a short period, it has garnered some considerable strengths. Based on the 1987\u20132021 data collected from the Web of Science (WoS), the current study reports the advancement of the GST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research papers utilizing the GST in the fields of economics and education were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) platform using a set of predetermined keywords. In the final stage of the process, the papers that underwent analysis were manually chosen, with selection criteria based on the information presented in the titles and abstracts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study identifies prominent authors, institutions, publications and journals closely associated with the subject. In terms of authors, two major clusters are identified around Liu SF and Wang ZX, while the institution with the highest number of publications is Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Moreover, significant keywords, trends and research directions have been extracted and analyzed. Additionally, the study highlights the regions where the theory holds substantial influence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is subject to certain limitations stemming from factors such as the language employed in the chosen literature, the papers included within the Web of Science (WoS) database, the designation of works categorized as \u201carticles\u201d in the database, the specific selection of keywords and keyword combinations, and the meticulous manual process employed for paper selection. While the manual selection process itself is not inherently limiting, it demands a greater investment of time and meticulous attention, contributing to the overall limitations of the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The significance of the study extends not only to scholars and practitioners but also to readers who observe the development of emerging scientific disciplines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis of trends revealed a growing emphasis on the application of GST in diverse domains, including supply chain management, manufacturing and economic development. Notably, the emergence of COVID-19 as a new research focal point among GST scholars is evident. The heightened interest in COVID-19 can be attributed to its global impact across various academic disciplines. However, it is improbable that this interest will persist in the long term, as the pandemic is gradually brought under control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-08-2023-1416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T22:38:16Z","timestamp":1698014296000},"page":"649-683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["35\u00a0years of grey system theory in\u00a0economics and education"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia","family":"Delcea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad Ahmed","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta-Stela","family":"Florescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Ioanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4192-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liviu-Adrian","family":"Cotfas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2006.11.014","article-title":"Grey prediction with rolling mechanism for electricity demand forecasting of Turkey","volume":"32","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"Bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.11.023","article-title":"Integrating sustainability into supplier selection with grey system and rough set methodologies","volume":"124","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.52812\/ijgs.46","article-title":"Evaluation of barriers to electric vehicle adoption in Indonesia through grey ordinal priority approach","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Grey Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52641-4","article-title":"The impact of multiple climatic and geographic factors on the chemical defences of Asian toads (Bufo gargarizans Cantor)","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133932","article-title":"Wastewater treatment and emerging contaminants: bibliometric analysis","volume":"297","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-03-2015-0005","article-title":"Grey systems theory in economics \u2013 bibliometric analysis and applications' overview","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-05-2015-0018","article-title":"Grey systems theory in economics \u2013 a historical applications review","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref009","volume-title":"Advancements of Grey Systems Theory in Economics and Social Sciences","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X","article-title":"Control problems of grey systems","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"Systems and Control Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-021-09742-1","article-title":"Grey target negotiation consensus model based on super conflict equilibrium","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"Group Decision and Negotiation"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1231372","article-title":"Global trends and hotspots of gastrointestinal microbiome and toxicity based on bibliometrics","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.09.027","article-title":"An integrated green supplier selection approach with analytic network process and improved Grey relational analysis","volume":"159","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00312","article-title":"Disciplining the professional: the case of project management*","volume":"39","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-05-2022-0049","article-title":"Grey system theory in sustainable development research\u2014a literature review (2011\u22122021)","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)00093-R","article-title":"Grey integer programming: an application to waste management planning under uncertainty","volume":"83","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/02630259208970657","article-title":"A grey linear programming approach for municipal solid waste management planning under uncertainty","volume":"9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Civil Engineering Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-04-2018-0018","article-title":"Evaluation of outpatient satisfaction and service quality of Pakistani healthcare projects: application of a novel synthetic Grey Incidence Analysis model","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.03.344","article-title":"Time prediction model for pipeline leakage based on grey relational analysis","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physics Procedia"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.07.064","article-title":"Grey system theory-based models in time series prediction","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115812","article-title":"The similarities and divergences between grey and fuzzy theory","volume":"186","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114276","article-title":"Exploring the application sphere of the internet of things in industry 4.0: a review, bibliometric and content analysis","volume":"22","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2007.12.002","article-title":"The use of grey relational analysis in solving multiple attribute decision-making problems","volume":"55","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers and Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-10-2022-188","article-title":"Editorial: memorabilia of the establishment and development of grey system theory (1982-2021)","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref025","volume-title":"Grey Data Analysis : Methods, Models and Applications","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-09-2021-0141","article-title":"Advance in grey system theory and applications in science and engineering","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105773","article-title":"Urban natural gas consumption forecasting by novel wavelet-kernelized grey system model","volume":"119","year":"2023","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2920904","article-title":"Grey earned value management: theory and applications","volume":"68","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.52812\/ijgs.48","article-title":"Statistical and grey forecasting of the inbound tourism to Malawi","volume":"2","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Grey Systems"},{"issue":"5258","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/227631a0","article-title":"Bradford's law of bibliography of science: an interpretation","volume":"227","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03256-z","article-title":"Grey system theory trends from 1991 to 2018: a bibliometric analysis and visualization","volume":"121","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2011.01.032","article-title":"Modeling and forecasting the CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in Brazil","volume":"36","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17505-4","article-title":"Forecasting of energy consumption by G20 countries using an adjacent accumulation grey model","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-06-2022-0059","article-title":"Grey system theory in engineering: a bibliometrics and visualization analysis","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.05.020","article-title":"Using linguistic preferences and grey relational analysis to evaluate the environmental knowledge management capacity","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2016.12.041","article-title":"Effect of physical properties of Cu-Ni-graphite composites on tribological characteristics by grey correlation analysis","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Results in Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.01.003","article-title":"GRA method for multiple attribute decision making with incomplete weight information in intuitionistic fuzzy setting","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref038","unstructured":"WoS (2019), \u201cWeb of science\u201d, available at: webofknowledge.com (accessed 2 December 2019)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2011.02.002","article-title":"A systematic procedure to study the influence of occupant behavior on building energy consumption","volume":"43","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1108\/IJICC-01-2022-0004","article-title":"A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Apache Hadoop from 2008 to 2020","volume":"16","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics"},{"key":"key2025010612194487000_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.10.347","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in renewable energy: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"issue":"16","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45498","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25797-w","article-title":"Carbon neutrality: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis","volume":"30","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2025010612194487000_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10757","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis for economy in COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-08-2023-1416\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-08-2023-1416\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:49:54Z","timestamp":1753393794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/54\/2\/649-683\/1240337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/K-08-2023-1416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/k-08-2023-1416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]}}}