{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:41:48Z","timestamp":1767991308980,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This paper aims to extend the scope of the viable system model (VSM), which was developed by Stafford Beer in favour of its formalisation and practical application, to overcome the criticism about its abstract nature. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This extension is achieved using the descriptive validation of a software project structural organisation based on the information that was obtained from the ICT sector set of companies in Castilla y Le\u00f3n. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The main conclusion of the study indicates deficiencies in the proactive environmental control of the software project. To overcome these shortcomings at least partially, the author proposes the use of integrated dynamic simulation models and Team Syntegrity. Finally, the analysis provides a detailed reference to diagnose or design a software project organisational structure with viability-defined characteristics. Such reference can be adapted to different fields by extrapolating its application in favour of the VSM universality. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The originality is based on the VSM application in software projects organisation. The value is based on VSM formalisation and practical application, to overcome the criticism about its abstract nature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-09-2013-0199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T10:04:17Z","timestamp":1392890657000},"page":"192-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extending the viable system model scope on ICT-sector software projects in Castilla y Le\u00f3n"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Julio","family":"C\u00e9sar Puche Regaliza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b1","unstructured":"Abdel-Hamid, T.\n and \n Madnick, S.E.\n (1991), Software Project Dynamics: An Integrated Approach, Prentice-Hall Software Series, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b2","unstructured":"Anderton, R.\n (1989), \u201cThe need for formal development of the VSM\u201d, in \n Espejo, R.\n and \n Harnden, R.\n (Eds), The Viable System Model: Interpretations and Applications of Stafford Beer's VSM, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 39-50."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashby, W.R.\n (1956), An Introduction to Cybernetics, Chapman & Hall, London.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.5851"},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b4","unstructured":"Beer, S.\n (1959), Cybernetics and Management, English Universities Press, London."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b5","unstructured":"Beer, S.\n (1979), The Heart of Enterprise, Wiley, Chichester."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b6","unstructured":"Beer, S.\n (1981), Brain of the Firm, 2nd ed., Wiley, Chichester."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b7","unstructured":"Beer, S.\n (1985), Diagnosing the System for Organizations, Wiley, Chichester."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b8","unstructured":"Beer, S.\n (1994), Beyond Dispute: The Invention of Team Syntegrity, Wiley, Chichester."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espejo, R.\n , \n Bowling, D.\n and \n Hoverstadt, P.\n (1999), \u201cThe viable system model and the Viplan software\u201d, Kybernetes, Vol. 28 Nos 6\/7, pp. 661-678.","DOI":"10.1108\/03684929910282944"},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b10","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez R\u00edos, J.M.\n (2008), \u201cDise\u00f1o y diagn\u00f3stico de organizaciones viables. Un enfoque sist\u00e9mico\u201d, Iberfora2000."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b11","unstructured":"Pressman, R.S.\n (2005), Ingenier\u00eda del sosftware. Un enfoque pr\u00e1ctico, Sexta edici\u00f3n, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b12","unstructured":"Puche Regaliza, J.C.\n , \n P\u00e9rez R\u00edos, J.M.\n and \n S\u00e1nchez Mayoral, P.\n (2007), \u201cIdentificaci\u00f3n de variables significativas para la validaci\u00f3n del Modelo de Sistemas Viables en un proyecto software\u201d, I International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management, XI Congreso de Ingenier\u00eda de Organizaci\u00f3n, Madrid, pp. 157-158."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b13","unstructured":"Royce, W.\n (1998), Software Project Management: A Unified Framework, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwaninger, M.\n (2001), \u201cIntelligent organisations: an integrative framework\u201d, Research Paper, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.408"},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwaninger, M.\n (2006), \u201cDesign for viable organizations: the diagnostic power of the viable system model\u201d, Kybernetes, Vol. 35 Nos 7\/8, pp. 955-966.","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920610675012"},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwaninger, M.\n and \n P\u00e9rez R\u00edos, J.M.\n (2008), \u201cSystem dynamics and cybernetics: a synergetic pair\u201d, System Dynamics Review, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 145-174.","DOI":"10.1002\/sdr.400"},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b17","unstructured":"Schwaninger, M.\n , \n P\u00e9rez R\u00edos, J.M.\n and \n Ambroz, K.\n (2004), \u201cSystem dynamics and cybernetics: a necessary synergy\u201d, paper presented at International System Dynamics Conference, Oxford, UK."},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Zouwen, L.\n (1996), \u201cMethodological problems with the empirical testability of sociocybernetic theories\u201d, Kybernetes, Vol. 25 Nos 7\/8, pp. 100-108.","DOI":"10.1108\/03684929610149684"},{"key":"key2021010319461027700_b19","unstructured":"Young, R.\n (2001), Effective Requirements Practices, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA."}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/K-09-2013-0199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-09-2013-0199\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-09-2013-0199\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:50:00Z","timestamp":1753393800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/43\/2\/192-209\/267394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/K-09-2013-0199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/k-09-2013-0199","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]}}}