{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:15:59Z","timestamp":1769638559561,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"abstract":"\nPurpose<\/jats:title>\nThe purpose of this study is to measure the R&D performance of 81 cities in Turkey by using a scientific approach.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nDesign\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\nA four-step solution approach is developed for this problem. In the first step, a hierarchical structure of 14 indicators (including number of patents, publications, R&D expense, etc.) in three dimensions is constructed. In the second step, explicitly and implicitly spatial indicators such as university location and R&D manpower are mapped by using geographic information system (GIS). In the third step, a hybrid multi-criteria decision making model, namely, DANP that combines decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and analytic hierarchy process (ANP) techniques is applied to assign different level of importance to the indicators. In the last step, Vi\u0161ekriterijumska Optimizacijai kompromisno Re\u0161enje (VIKOR) method is used to rank the performance of 81 cities. Obtained results are visualized using GIS to show the pros and cons of each city in terms of R&D performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nFindings<\/jats:title>\nResults of the paper show that Istanbul, Ankara and Konya are ordered as contenders of best R&D performances and on the contrary, Igdir, Sirnak and Tunceli are ordered as the worst R&D performances among 81 cities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResearch limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\nOne limitation of the study can be the considered criteria. However, all the criteria are obtained from literature and experts; thus, the paper covers as much criteria as possible.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPractical implications<\/jats:title>\nThe proposed study may allow Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey to formulate more effective strategies to improve cities\u2019 R&D performance. In addition, any country can apply the same methodology for measuring the R&D performance of their cities by using their related data. As the worst R&D city performances belong to the eastern part of Turkey, it can be deducted that the socio-cultural structure of the eastern part of the country needs improvement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nOriginality\/value<\/jats:title>\nTo the best of the author\u2019s knowledge, this is the first study which applies a GIS-based MCDM approach for R&D performance measurement. Thus, the value of this paper belongs to both literature and real life.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-09-2018-0456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T08:53:26Z","timestamp":1561712006000},"page":"2266-2306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A GIS-based DANP-VIKOR approach to evaluate R&D performance of Turkish cities"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Bari\u015f","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"\u00d6zceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.brahim Halil","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cihan","family":"\u00c7etinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/2951599","article-title":"A model of growth through creative destruction","volume":"60","year":"1992","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.10.013","article-title":"Multi-tier sustainable global supplier selection using a fuzzy AHP-VIKOR based approach","volume":"195","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/soej.12107","article-title":"The impact of research and development on economic growth and productivity in the US states","volume":"82","year":"2016","journal-title":"Southern Economical Journal"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"A hybrid MCDM model for improving GIS-based solar farms site selection","volume":"925370","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Photoenergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.10.010","article-title":"A GIS approach to shopping mall location selection","volume":"42","year":"2007","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2011.02.001","article-title":"A balanced scorecard approach to establish a performance evaluation and relationship model for hot spring hotels based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DEMATEL and ANP","volume":"30","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.04.068","article-title":"Measures and evaluation for environment watershed plans using a novel hybrid MCDM model","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-013-0876-0","article-title":"A study on framework for effective R&D performance analysis of Korea using the Bayesian network and pairwise comparison of AHP","volume":"65","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Supercomputing"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref009","first-page":"25","article-title":"Research on management of national R&D performance in South Korea","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref010","first-page":"281","article-title":"The limits of growth: a case study of three mega-projects in Istanbul","volume":"60","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref011","unstructured":"Eurostat (2018), \u201cR&D expenditure\u201d, available at: http:\/\/appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/nui\/show.do?dataset=rd_e_gerdtot&lang=en (accessed 29 November 2018)."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref012","first-page":"125","article-title":"The R&D performance of the South African manufacturing sector, 1970\u20131993","volume":"39","year":"2006","journal-title":"Economic Change and Restructuring"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.22.6.688","article-title":"Some new results on compromise solutions for group decision problems","volume":"22","year":"1976","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/09720502.2017.1358890","article-title":"Study on the R&D performance of high-tech industry in China based on data envelopment analysis","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.11.057","article-title":"Application of the GIS-DANP-MABAC multi-criteria model for selecting the location of wind farms: a case study of Vojvodina, Serbia","volume":"103","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.10.041","article-title":"An analysis of DEMATEL approaches for criteria interaction handling within ANP","volume":"46","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref017","first-page":"58","article-title":"Geographic information systems","volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences","year":"2015","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"21","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6344","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2014.898865","article-title":"Evaluation of green manufacturing practices using a hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with PROMETHEE","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref019","first-page":"517","article-title":"Trade, knowledge spillover and growth","volume":"35","year":"1991","journal-title":"European Economic Review"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcorpfin.2017.07.011","article-title":"R&D investments and credit lines","volume":"46","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Corporate Finance"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.091","article-title":"Siting of a central healthcare waste incinerator using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis","volume":"166","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.05.058","article-title":"Combined DEMATEL technique with a novel MCDM model for exploring portfolio selection based on CAPM","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2012.12.009","article-title":"An outsourcing provider decision model for the airline industry","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Air Transport Management"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2012.02.009","article-title":"The best vendor selection for conducting the recycled material based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR","volume":"66","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"issue":"S2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-014-1077-8","article-title":"Emergency alternative evaluation and selection based on ANP, DEMATEL, and TL-TOPSIS","volume":"75","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natural Hazards"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.1985.11978964","article-title":"Off-line quality control, parameter design and the Taguchi method","volume":"17","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Quality Technology"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2016.12.006","article-title":"A multi-criteria sorting approach based on data envelopment analysis for R&D project selection problem","volume":"73","year":"2017","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2017.01.005","article-title":"Performance evaluation of R&D active firms","volume":"61","year":"2018","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref029","first-page":"1","article-title":"The growth effects of R&D spending in the EU: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Economics"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref030","first-page":"412","article-title":"Impact of R&D investment on economic growth of the Czech Republic\u2013a recursively dynamic CGE approach","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prague Economic Papers"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref031","first-page":"971","article-title":"R&D performance measurement: a process perspective revisited","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2015.01.041","article-title":"A GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation for wind farm site selection. A regional scale application in Greece","volume":"78","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2011.06.018","article-title":"A model for R&D performance measurement","volume":"134","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.06.016","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of performance of national R&D programs with heterogeneous objectives: a DEA approach","volume":"196","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2015.10.001","article-title":"Measuring and comparing the R&D performance of government research institutes: a bottom-up data envelopment analysis approach","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.07.084","article-title":"Combined MCDM techniques for exploring stock selection based on Gordon model","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref037","unstructured":"Lichtenberg, F.R. (2002), \u201cSources of US longevity increase\u201d, 1960-1997\u201d, Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research, No. 8755."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref038","first-page":"5","article-title":"Constructing a cognition map of alternative fuel vehicles using the DEMATEL method","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2011.05.002","article-title":"Improving tourism policy implementation\u2013the use of hybrid MCDM models","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref040","first-page":"24","article-title":"The R&D effectiveness index: a metric for product development performance","volume":"1","year":"1994","journal-title":"World Class Design to Manufacture"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810600661508","article-title":"GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2016.10.006","article-title":"A comparison of raster-based travel time surfaces against vector-based network calculations as applied in the study of rural food deserts","volume":"78","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Geography"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264239012-en","volume-title":"Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, the Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities","author":"OECD","year":"2015"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2013.831541","article-title":"Rising powers in a changing global order: the political economy of Turkey in the age of BRICS","volume":"34","year":"2013","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref045","first-page":"5","article-title":"Multi-criteria optimization of civil engineering systems","volume":"2","year":"1998","journal-title":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8667.00269","article-title":"Multi-criteria planning of post\u2010earthquake sustainable reconstruction","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00020-1","article-title":"Compromise solution by MCDM methods: a comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS","volume":"156","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.01.020","article-title":"Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods","volume":"178","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref049","first-page":"323","article-title":"Logistic performance evaluation of provinces in Turkey: a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis","volume":"94","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2012.06.001","article-title":"Non-linear multi-classifier model based on artificial intelligence to predict research and development performance in European countries","volume":"79","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2478\/cer-2013-0026","article-title":"The research and development performance of various EU social regimes","volume":"16","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comparative Economic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1086\/261725","article-title":"Endogenous technological change","volume":"98","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref053","volume-title":"Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process","year":"1996"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref054","first-page":"5","article-title":"GIS model for effective police department\u2019s performance","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref055","first-page":"137","article-title":"R&D tax incentive system in some selected countries","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Sciences Research Journal"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2017.10.002","article-title":"Evaluating firms\u2019 R&D performance using best worst method","volume":"66","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evaluation and Program Planning"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.12.022","article-title":"A military airport location selection by AHP integrated PROMETHEE and VIKOR methods","volume":"59","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref058","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving the green building evaluation system in China based on the DANP method","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.01.013","article-title":"A DEMATEL method in identifying key success factors of hospital service quality","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref060","first-page":"12","article-title":"Comparison of Turkey with developed countries in terms of R&D indicators","volume":"1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Economy Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref061","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth: the case of Turkey (1990-2014)","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"A\u0130B\u00dc Social Sciences Institute Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.11.058","article-title":"Selecting management systems for sustainable development in SMEs: a novel hybrid model based on DEMATEL, ANP, and ZOGP","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.004","article-title":"Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: a novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL","volume":"32","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2003.12.014","article-title":"Multi-criteria analysis of alternative-fuel buses for public transportation","volume":"33","year":"2005","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.2001.0527","article-title":"Multi-criteria analysis of environmental quality in Taipei: public preferences and improvement strategies","volume":"65","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.03.041","article-title":"Wind farms suitability location using geographical information system (GIS), based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods: the case of continental Ecuador","volume":"109","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.4236\/jssm.2015.86082","article-title":"An explanation for China\u2019s economic growth: Expenditure on R&D promotes economic growth \u2013 based on China\u2019s provincial panel data of 1997-2013","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Service Science and Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.11.057","article-title":"Brand marketing for creating brand value based on a MCDM model combining DEMATEL with ANP and VIKOR methods","volume":"39","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.14257\/ijdta.2016.9.3.07","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of R&D investment impact on agricultural economy based on panel data","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Database Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref070","unstructured":"Wensley, K. and Warda, J. (2007), \u201cAn alternative for extending refund ability of SR&ED tax credits\u201d, available at: https:\/\/itac.ca\/uploads\/research\/07jan.pdf (accessed 29 November 2018)."},{"issue":"8","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5927","DOI":"10.12973\/eurasia.2017.01041a","article-title":"The use of a DANP with VIKOR approach for establishing the model of e-learning service quality","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref071","first-page":"160","article-title":"A novel hybrid MCDM model combined with DEMATEL and ANP with applications","volume":"5","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622009003375","article-title":"A VIKOR-based multiple criteria decision method for improving information security risk","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref074","first-page":"330","article-title":"R&D resource allocation and innovation performance evaluation","volume-title":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2010.09.004","article-title":"The performance evaluation of regional R&D investments in China: an application of DEA based on the first official China economic census data","volume":"39","year":"2011","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fuzzy extended VIKOR-based mobile robot selection model for hospital pharmacy","volume":"15","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019102315223006100_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-11-2016-0498","article-title":"Quality improvement pilot program selection based on dynamic hybrid MCDM approach","volume":"118","year":"2018","journal-title":"Industrial Management and Data Systems"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.05.247","article-title":"Sustainable recycling partner selection using fuzzy DEMATEL-AEW-FVIKOR: a case study in small-and-medium enterprises","volume":"196","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2019102315223006100_ref079","first-page":"590","article-title":"A decision making framework for weighting and ranking criteria for cloud provider selection","volume-title":"Proceedings of 20th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-09-2018-0456\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-09-2018-0456\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:50:06Z","timestamp":1753393806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/48\/10\/2266-2306\/261487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/K-09-2018-0456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/k-09-2018-0456","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X","0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"},{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]}}}