{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:02:01Z","timestamp":1779357721683,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to show that transmission of information and information storage or registration depends on structures. Structures emerge from coordinated sets of constraints. Complex systems depend on their structures to function. The temporal sequence of changes in the levels of the complex system determines its behavior. These three concepts are intimately linked with the environment. Environment, structure, function and behavior form a complex system\u2013environment unit, which is the operational unit of existence for all open complex systems. Therefore, it becomes a point in the directional propagation of the cause, where stimulus environment becomes a Creaon, and then the Creaon becomes a Genon, becoming in turn the response to the experienced environment. The formation of structures is the main phenomenon of evolution. Evolution can also be accepted as free, in the sense that it does not cost additional deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mathematical and logical development of the structure and thermodynamics in complex systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the above considerations, the authors are going to introduce two fundamental principles in Complex systems Theory: the Matthew Effect and the Principle of Sagan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>But as the authors\u2019 purpose is to give a formal definition of a complex system from a totally theoretical point of view, they establish a relationship between concepts of General Systems Theory, Theory of the Environment, linguistics, Information Theory and thermodynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-09-2021-0858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T10:45:24Z","timestamp":1657795524000},"page":"5307-5328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Structure, thermodynamics and information in complex systems"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0162-702X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Us\u00f3 Dom\u00e9nech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Nescolarde-Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8040-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Lloret-Climent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9502-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugh","family":"Gash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Segura-Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref001","volume-title":"Cibern\u00e9tica y sistemas","year":"1982"},{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref002","volume-title":"How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality","year":"1996"},{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"La Teor\u00eda de los Sistemas Complejos y la Teor\u00eda de los Sistemas Sociales en las controversias de la complejidad","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, [S.l.]"},{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref004","volume-title":"Zwischenstufe Leiben: evolution ohne Ziel?","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"key2023110803374653900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920610653674","article-title":"The sociological concept of autopoiesis: biological and philosophical basics and governance relevance","volume":"35","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref006","volume-title":"Rules and Representations","year":"1980"},{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref007","volume-title":"The Chief Abstractions of Biology","year":"1975"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023110803374653900_ref008","first-page":"145","article-title":"El efecto Mateo: un concepto psicol\u00f3gico","volume":"30","year":"2009","journal-title":"Papeles del Psic\u00f3logo"},{"key":"key2023110803374653900_ref009","volume-title":"At Home in the Universe. 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