{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1754155576551,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Motivated by the real-world practice of the thriving e-commerce, manufacturers are transcending traditional boundaries of merely producing and selling directly by implementing encroachment. Concurrently, supply chain (SC) members who overlook the corporate social responsibility (CSR) sharing will be left behind, which is closely linked to their profits. This paper aims to investigate a better way to share CSR under the scenarios of manufacturer encroachment and no-encroachment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p> This paper constructs game-theoretic models in a SC consisting of a manufacturer (M) and a retailer (R), where the manufacturer can sell products by retailing, and may sell directly by implicating encroachment. The manufacturer and retailer jointly consider whether to share CSR and the proportion of it by taking consumer surplus into account. Furthermore, equilibriums for each model are derived using backward induction. Then, the authors analyse the impact of CSR sharing proportion and compare the equilibrium outcomes under different scenarios. Finally, the numerical analyses are presented to verify the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p> Several interesting results are found in this paper. First, the retailer shares more CSR can benefit SC members and social welfare when the manufacturer does not implement encroachment. However, the results may change which is decided by the unit cost of encroachment when the manufacturer does so. Second, the proportion of CSR shared by manufacturer and the unit cost of encroachment has an interactive impact on equilibrium outcomes. Finally, both manufacturer encroachment and SC members share CSR may be the best for the perspective of SC members and consumers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p> Based on the analytical results, this paper provides novel managerial implications to assist manufacturer and retailer in determining the optimal strategies for CSR sharing and encroachment. Furthermore, the appropriate proportion of CSR shared by manufacturer and the unit cost of encroachment may let manufacturer, retailer and consumer surplus achieve a win-win-win situation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p> To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to explore the strategy of CSR sharing under the scenarios of manufacturer encroachment and no-encroachment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-09-2023-1798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T19:22:37Z","timestamp":1705087357000},"page":"2611-2643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Equilibrium strategies of sharing CSR in a supply chain with manufacturer encroachment"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4032-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4451","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2018.3043","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and firm risk: theory and empirical evidence","volume":"65","year":"2019","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.1070.0280","article-title":"The bright side of supplier encroachment","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/257850","article-title":"A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance","volume":"4","year":"1979","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.3222","article-title":"The optimal level of corporate social responsibility based on the duopoly model","volume":"42","year":"2021","journal-title":"Managerial and Decision Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1108\/k-04-2021-0284","article-title":"Collecting channel selection and information value of a closed-loop supply chain with corporate social responsibility","volume":"52","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1108\/K-01-2022-0127","article-title":"Impacts of CSR implementation and channel leadership in a socially responsible supply chain","volume":"52","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.3475","article-title":"Multi\u2010period closed\u2010loop supply chain network equilibrium considering CSR investment and sharing mechanism","volume":"43","year":"2022","journal-title":"Managerial and Decision Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13133","article-title":"Inducing supply chain transparency through supplier encroachment","volume":"29","year":"2020","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13898","article-title":"Value of information with manufacturer encroachment","volume":"32","year":"2023","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2015.0562","article-title":"Quality in supply chain encroachment","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manufacturing and Service Operations Management"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2021.108368","article-title":"Channel encroachment and logistics integration strategies in an e-commerce platform service supply chain","volume":"244","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2192294","article-title":"The interplay of manufacturer encroachment and blockchain adoption to combat counterfeits in a platform supply chain","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.05.037","article-title":"Equilibrium analysis and corporate social responsibility for supply chain integration","volume":"190","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103370","article-title":"Manufacturer encroachment with competing dual-purpose online retail platforms","volume":"73","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12860","article-title":"Retailer information sharing with supplier encroachment","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2019.0809","article-title":"Motivating supplier social responsibility under incomplete visibility","volume":"22","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manufacturing and Service Operations Management"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102549","article-title":"Social responsibility and cost-learning in dyadic supply chain coordination","volume":"156","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2015.03.023","article-title":"Supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains","volume":"165","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1108\/k-05-2021-0390","article-title":"The impact of corporate environmental responsibility on corporate cash holdings: evidence from the most polluting listed companies in China","volume":"52","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2018.2887118","article-title":"Pricing and collection rate decisions and reverse channel choice in a socially responsible supply chain with green consumers","volume":"67","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13447","article-title":"Supplier encroachment with multiple retailers","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-021-04213-x","article-title":"Decision analysis of supply chains considering corporate social responsibility and government subsidy under different channel power structures","volume":"315","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2015.03.001","article-title":"Effects of e-commerce channel entry in a two-echelon supply chain: a comparative analysis of single-and dual-channel distribution systems","volume":"165","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref050","article-title":"Optimal generic and brand advertising efforts in a decentralized supply chain considering customer surplus","volume":"60","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"ahead-of-print","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/K-07-2022-1055","article-title":"Operational decisions of low-carbon supply chains with triple bottom line under carbon tax policy","volume":"ahead-of-print","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscr.2015.05.001","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility, coordination and profit distribution in a dual-channel supply chain","volume":"16","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pacific Science Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1173-1","article-title":"Analyzing a socially responsible closed-loop distribution channel with recycling facility","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.04.002","article-title":"A game-theoretic analysis of social responsibility conduct in two-echelon supply chains","volume":"138","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2010.06.026","article-title":"Social responsibility allocation in two-echelon supply chains: insights from wholesale price contracts","volume":"207","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12100","article-title":"Allocation of returned products among different recovery options through an opportunity cost-based dynamic approach","volume":"45","year":"2014","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2014.04.002","article-title":"Coordination of a socially responsible supply chain using revenue sharing contract","volume":"67","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.07.118","article-title":"Exploring the effects of social responsibility on coordination and profit division in a supply chain","volume":"139","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/17509653.2014.968815","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility, channel coordination and profit division in a two-echelon supply chain","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.03.010","article-title":"Coordinating a socially responsible closed-loop supply chain with product recycling","volume":"188","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2020.1715530","article-title":"Direct selling, reselling, or agency selling? Manufacturer\u2019s online distribution strategies and their impact","volume":"24","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13955","article-title":"Manufacturer encroachment with an e\u2010commerce division","volume":"32","year":"2023","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102245","article-title":"The impact of quantity-based cost decline on supplier encroachment","volume":"147","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.13400","article-title":"Supplier encroachment with a dual-purpose retailer","volume":"30","year":"2021","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"22","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6732","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1346833","article-title":"Supply chain models with corporate social responsibility","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.12.027","article-title":"Supplier encroachment under nonlinear pricing with imperfect substitutes: bargaining power versus revenue-sharing","volume":"267","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"ahead-of-print","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/K-07-2022-0947","article-title":"Manufacturer encroachment in the presence of the store-brand","volume":"ahead-of-print","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.08.020","article-title":"Managing new and remanufactured products to mitigate environmental damage under emissions regulation","volume":"249","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12580","article-title":"Supplier encroachment and investment spillovers","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.08.002","article-title":"Manufacturer encroachment with quality decision under asymmetric demand information","volume":"273","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2021.102412","article-title":"How to compete with a supply chain partner: retailer\u2019s store brand vs manufacturer\u2019s encroachment","volume":"103","year":"2021","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2021.2010007","article-title":"Information sharing in a cross-border e-commerce supply chain under tax uncertainty","volume":"26","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12539","article-title":"Consumer showrooming with supplier encroachment and omnichannel retailing","volume":"54","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106062","article-title":"Effects of power structure on manufacturer encroachment in a closed-loop supply chain","volume":"137","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers and Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"key2025031814003612400_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2023.108955","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility strategies in competition and their implications","volume":"265","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"unstructured":"China Business Council for Sustainable Development (2013), available at: http:\/\/www.cbcsd.org.cn\/hyzq\/wellshare\/20130815\/59131.shtml","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref047"},{"unstructured":"China Sustainability Tribune (2016), available at: https:\/\/xueshu.baidu.com\/usercenter\/paper\/show?paperid=4f4b740f0e645c8dabb60a303c9a34a1&site=xueshu_se","key":"key2025031814003612400_ref048"}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-09-2023-1798\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-09-2023-1798\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:50:21Z","timestamp":1753393821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/54\/5\/2611-2643\/1245188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/K-09-2023-1798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/k-09-2023-1798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0368-492X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]}}}