{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:07:48Z","timestamp":1773810468958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>In this paper, the authors aim to consider the manufacturer's battery research and development (R&D) decision under subsidy. The supply chain includes two manufacturers, which produce substitutable electric vehicles, and a battery supplier. One of the manufacturers can choose to develop batteries or buy batteries. The authors assume consumers do not have enough trust in the manufacturer-made battery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>Stackelberg game is made use of to study the battery R&D strategy of the manufacturer under the incentive of government subsidies. This paper makes a comparative analysis on six situations, then the authors get some conclusions and give some managerial insights.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The results show that subsidy strategies do not necessarily reduce actual payments when the manufacturer does not research and develop batteries. The retail prices and actual payments are closely related to the substitutability and total cost advantage of product. The authors also find consumer trust positively affects the demand of the electric vehicles using the manufacturer-made batteries and then affects the manufacturer's battery R&D decision. When consumers have low trust in manufacturer-made battery, subsidy can bring greater sales and make R&D more profitable than procurement, so that the manufacturer chooses R&D. This study's findings also suggest consumer subsidy is always better for the government.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>Distinguished from previous studies, the authors discuss the decision-making of component research, and introduce various government subsidy strategies and consumer trust to study their roles in the manufacturer's battery R&D choice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-11-2021-1158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T07:46:40Z","timestamp":1655279200000},"page":"4441-4475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Battery R&D decision of electric vehicle manufacturer considering government subsidy"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7206-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.107523","article-title":"Greening products in a supply chain under market segmentation and different channel power structures","volume":"223","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122053","article-title":"Green purchase intention: effects of electronic service quality and customer green psychology","volume":"267","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref003","unstructured":"AutoHome (2020), available at: http:\/\/ev.m.autohome.com.cn\/cygj (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.03.032","article-title":"Emission reduction decision and coordination of a make-to-order supply chain with two products under cap-and-trade regulation","volume":"119","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers and Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref005","unstructured":"Battery China Network (2020), available at: http:\/\/www.cbea.com\/djgc\/202011\/896618.html (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.05.014","article-title":"Manufacturer vs. consumer subsidy with green technology investment and environmental concern","volume":"287","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref007","unstructured":"Bullis, K. (2015), \u201cWhy we don't have battery breakthroughs\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/534866\/why-we-dont-have-battery-breakthroughs\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref008","first-page":"594","article-title":"A game theoretic approach for electric vehicle adoption and policy decisions under different market structures","volume":"72","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1108\/00251741211216250","article-title":"Enhance green purchase intentions: the roles of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.12.095","article-title":"Impact of efficiency, investment, and competition on low carbon manufacturing","volume":"143","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref011","first-page":"42","article-title":"The impact of government subsidy on supply chains' sustainability innovation","volume":"86","year":"2018","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12998","article-title":"Production coopetition strategies for competing manufacturers that produce partially substitutable products","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10614-018-9856-z","article-title":"Game-theoretic analysis of price and quantity decisions for electric vehicle supply chain under subsidy reduction","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computational Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/21639159.2015.1041781","article-title":"Drivers of green product adoption: the role of green perceived value, green trust and perceived quality","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref015","unstructured":"China Lubricating Oil Information Network (2019), available at: https:\/\/www.163.com\/dy\/article\/EFQN3KKI0514C2C8.html (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref016","unstructured":"China Industrial Network (2018), available at: http:\/\/firm.workercn.cn\/33112\/201812\/26\/181226072734103.shtml (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.3114","article-title":"Are China's subsidies for electric vehicles effective?","volume":"41","year":"2020","journal-title":"Managerial and Decision Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.47.1.37.10672","article-title":"Product differentiation and commonality in design: balancing revenue and cost drivers","volume":"47","year":"2001","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.09.010","article-title":"To be or not to be green? Strategic investment for green product development in a supply chain","volume":"131","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref020","unstructured":"Electric Vehicle Times Network (2018), available at: https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/258818354_117440 (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12814","article-title":"Battery outsourcing decision and product choice strategy of an electric vehicle manufacturer","volume":"29","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Transactions in Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2021032","article-title":"Managing strategies of product quality and price based on trust under different power structures","volume":"55","year":"2021","journal-title":"RAIRO-Operations Research"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.11.005","article-title":"Supply chain analysis under green sensitive consumer demand and cost sharing contract","volume":"164","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.01.021","article-title":"Subsidising an electric vehicle supply chain with imperfect information","volume":"211","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref025","first-page":"12845","article-title":"A carbon tax or a subsidy? Policy choice when a green firm competes with a high carbon emitter","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.07.050","article-title":"Green product development under competition: a study of the fashion apparel industry","volume":"280","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2016.11.004","article-title":"Competition, cooperation, and coopetition of green supply chains under regulations on energy saving levels","volume":"97","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref028","first-page":"206","article-title":"Product line design with component commonality and cost-reduction effort","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Manufacturing and Service Operations Management"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref029","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref030","author":"Historical GHG Emissions 2","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2018.02.010","article-title":"Green product supply chain contracts considering environmental responsibilities","volume":"83","year":"2019","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref032","first-page":"252","article-title":"Investment strategy analysis of emission-reduction technology under cost subsidy policy in the carbon trading market","volume":"49","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1080\/0740817X.2012.763003","article-title":"Promoting electric automobiles: supply chain analysis under a government's subsidy incentive scheme","volume":"45","year":"2013","journal-title":"IIE Transactions"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.101885","article-title":"Green subsidy modes and pricing strategy in a capital-constrained supply chain","volume":"136","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.03.047","article-title":"Government subsidies for green technology development under uncertainty","volume":"286","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2013.0774","article-title":"Can commonality relieve cannibalization in product line design?","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2018.0746","article-title":"Inclusive innovation: product innovation in technology supply chains","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Manufacturing and Service Operations Management"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102668","article-title":"Purchasing natural personal care products in the era of fake news? The moderation effect of brand trust","volume":"63","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2009.01020.x","article-title":"Product positioning in a two-dimensional market space","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"Production and Operations Management"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102508","article-title":"The role of trust in the relationship between consumers, producers and retailers of organic food: a sector-based approach","volume":"60","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2014.12.003","article-title":"Consumer confidence in credence attributes: the role of brand trust","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5098","DOI":"10.3390\/su12125098","article-title":"The relationship between green country image, green trust, and purchase intention of Korean products: focusing on Vietnamese gen Z consumers","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref043","first-page":"961","article-title":"Subsidy choice in the duopoly competition market","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Management"},{"issue":"16","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4932","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1730466","article-title":"The choice of the government green subsidy scheme: innovation subsidy vs. product subsidy","volume":"58","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref045","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Coordination strategies in dual-channel supply chain considering innovation investment and different game ability","volume":"49","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref046","unstructured":"Libattery Of Week (2021), available at: http:\/\/mp.ofweek.com\/libattery\/a656714486187 (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref047","unstructured":"Lithium Information (2018), available at: https:\/\/mp.ofweek.com\/libattery\/a245673128226 (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref048","unstructured":"Lithium Window (2018), available at: https:\/\/mp.ofweek.com\/libattery\/a145673322156 (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106784","article-title":"Impact of emission reduction investments on decisions and profits in a supply chain with two competitive manufacturers","volume":"149","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers and Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2020.101880","article-title":"Consumer trust in the food value chain and its impact on consumer confidence: a model for assessing consumer trust and evidence from a 5-country study in Europe","volume":"92","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref051","first-page":"125199","article-title":"Supply chain green innovation subsidy strategy considering consumer heterogeneity","volume":"281","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref052","unstructured":"Michael Nienaber (2019), available at: https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-batteries-idUSKCN1PH1NT (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref053","unstructured":"Michel Rose (2019), available at: https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-europe-batteries-france-macron-idUSKCN1Q22RI (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref054","unstructured":"National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China (2019), available at: https:\/\/www.ndrc.gov.cn\/xxgk\/zcfb\/tz\/201905\/t20190524_962453_ext.html?ivk_sa=1024320u (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2021.1893294","article-title":"Technology spillover and innovation","volume":"34","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2014.2001","article-title":"Increasing quality sequence: when is it an optimal product introduction strategy?","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-08-2015-0299","article-title":"Food private label brands: the role of consumer trust on loyalty and purchase intention","volume":"118","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Food Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2004.09.015","article-title":"The organization of R&D and environmental policy","volume":"62","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.04.020","article-title":"Supplier selection of a critical component when the production process can be improved","volume":"154","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2016.03.018","article-title":"The value of partnership under competition: when competitors may be R&D joint-venture and supply-chain partners for a critical component","volume":"177","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.01.031","article-title":"Capacity allocation under downstream competition and bargaining","volume":"261","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-10-2021-0718","article-title":"Exploring relationship among semiotic product packaging, brand experience dimensions, brand trust and purchase intentions in an Asian emerging market","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref063","unstructured":"Sina Technology (2020), available at: https:\/\/tech.sina.com.cn\/it\/2020-02-18\/doc-iimxyqvz3906278.shtml (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.104927","article-title":"Scenario analysis on subsidy policies for the uptake of electric vehicles industry in China","volume":"161","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resources Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref065","unstructured":"Sohu auto e Electric Park (2021), available at: https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/442497079_383324 (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref066","unstructured":"Strategy (2019), available at: http:\/\/www.199it.com\/archives\/909823.html (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref067","first-page":"124985","article-title":"Selection of cost-effective investment and output subsidies for eco-friendly products","volume":"286","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref068","unstructured":"Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau (2021), available at: http:\/\/kjxm.szkj.gov.cn\/oa\/epointwebinfo\/pages\/webinforead\/Info_Detail_Content.jspx?infoGuid=b1c663fc-694d-4b2e-a7de-7291c845b2d7 (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref069","unstructured":"The Ministry of Finance (2008), available at: http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/gzdt\/2010-03\/29\/content_1567669.htm (accessed 10 January 2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1108\/EJM-04-2019-0333","article-title":"Product line design with vertical and horizontal consumer heterogeneity: the effect of distribution channel structure on the optimal quality and customization levels","volume":"55","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref071","first-page":"8465678","article-title":"Vertical line extension decisions in a competitive market with consumers\u2019 need for product uniqueness","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-05-2021-0351","article-title":"The optimal subsidy scheme and technology innovation strategy considering consumers' green premium","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13418","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-01219-6","article-title":"Impact of green trust and green perceived quality on green purchase intentions: a moderation study","volume":"23","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environment, Development and Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.01.023","article-title":"On the evaluation of product customization strategies in a vertically differentiated market","volume":"144","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM15(2)CO7","article-title":"Cooperative rd contract of supply chain considering the quality of product innovation","volume":"15","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Simulation Modelling"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12701","article-title":"Balancing product differentiation and cost saving in the presence of consumer deliberation","volume":"28","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Transactions in Operational Research"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2017.06.012","article-title":"Retailer-driven carbon emission abatement with consumer environmental awareness and carbon tax: revenue-sharing versus cost-sharing","volume":"78","year":"2018","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.12.035","article-title":"To collaborate or not to collaborate: prompting upstream eco-efficient innovation in a supply chain","volume":"260","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2019.102116","article-title":"Strategic green technology innovation in a two-stage alliance: vertical collaboration or co-development?","volume":"98","year":"2021","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref080","first-page":"102230","article-title":"Customization strategies between online and offline retailers","volume":"100","year":"2020","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"key2024091916090538000_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.09.078","article-title":"Consumer trust in different food provisioning schemes: evidence from Beijing, China","volume":"134","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1108\/NBRI-10-2019-0048","article-title":"Pricing decisions and subsidy preference of government with traditional and green products","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nankai Business Review International"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024091916090538000_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.08.053","article-title":"Green product design in supply chains under competition","volume":"258","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"}],"container-title":["Kybernetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-11-2021-1158\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/K-11-2021-1158\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:51:13Z","timestamp":1753393873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/k\/article\/52\/10\/4441-4475\/454060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/K-11-2021-1158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/k-11-2021-1158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0368-492X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0368-492X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]}}}