{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T22:13:25Z","timestamp":1778192005098,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["K"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The behavior of the entities in a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) cooperation network is influenced by the core enterprise. Addressing the problem of how the network vulnerability changes when the core enterprise is attacked is a challenging topic. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the failure process of SME cooperation networks caused by the failure of the core SME from the perspective of cascading failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>According to the Torch High Technology Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science & Technology in China, 296 SMEs in Jiangsu province were used to construct an SME cooperation network of technology-based SMEs and an under-loading cascading failure model. The\u00a0weight-based attack strategy was selected to mimic a deliberate node attack and was used to analyze the vulnerability of the SME cooperation network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>Some important conclusions are obtained from the simulation analysis: (1) The minimum boundary of node enterprises has a negative relationship with networks' invulnerability, while the breakdown probability has an inverted-U relationship with networks' invulnerability. (2) The combined effect of minimum boundary and breakdown probability indicates that the vulnerability of networks is mainly determined by the breakdown probability; while, minimum boundary helps prevent cascading failure occur. Furthermore, according to the case study, adapting capital needs and resilience in the cooperation network is the core problem in improving the robustness of SME cooperation networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>This research proposed an under-loading cascading failure model to investigate the under-loading failure process caused by the shortage of resources when the core enterprise fails or withdraws from the SME cooperation network. Two key parameters in the proposed model\u2014minimum capacity and breakdown probability\u2014could serve as a guide for research on the vulnerability of SME cooperation networks. Additionally, practical meanings for each parameter in the proposed model are given, to suggest novel insights regarding network protection to facilitate the robustness and vulnerability in real SME cooperation networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/k-12-2022-1651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T22:39:00Z","timestamp":1678228740000},"page":"2132-2152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The under-loading cascading failure model: a tool for assessing the vulnerability of SME cooperation networks"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jishan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengju","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2024050215020436200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120454","article-title":"FinTech, SME efficiency and national culture: evidence from OECD countries","volume":"163","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref002","first-page":"434448","article-title":"The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks","volume":"23","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(83)90026-6","article-title":"Graph theory in network analysis","volume":"5","year":"1983","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref004","first-page":"10151030","article-title":"The strength of R&D network ties in high-tech sectors\u2013a multi-dimensional analysis of the effects of tie strength on innovation\u00a0performance","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref005","first-page":"100108","article-title":"Industry and academia in convergence: micro-institutional dimensions of R&D collaboration","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref006","first-page":"621630","article-title":"Sustainable value and trade\u2010offs: exploring situational logics and power relations in a UK brewery's malt supply network business model","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"Business Strategy and the Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref007","first-page":"647670","article-title":"Business model innovation and organizational resilience: towards an integrated conceptual framework","volume":"86","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Business Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref008","first-page":"388403","article-title":"Effectuation, exploratory learning and new venture performance: evidence from China","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2019.1587160","article-title":"The impact of adoptive management innovations on medium-sized enterprises from a dynamic capability perspective","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management"},{"key":"key2024050215020436200_ref010","first-page":"6166","article-title":"Multi-node attack strategy of complex networks due to cascading breakdown","volume":"106","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaos, Solitons and Fractals"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024050215020436200_ref011","first-page":"199219","article-title":"Lock-in or Lock-out? 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