{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:42:27Z","timestamp":1785800547363,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to introduce a participatory library service based on artificial intelligence (AI). <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 AI technologies and various technologies for facilitating the use of the currently existing libraries and the third-party resources are combined in the new mobile and social networking environments to provide an innovative real-time virtual reference service. Special aesthetic design and library marketing measures are adopted to expand the gains of the service. Questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, and statistical analysis are conducted to evaluate the effects of the service. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 A smart talking robot called Xiaotu (female) is developed. This robot is regarded as a promising new online reference service modus operandi. Four factors contribute to the success of the robot, namely, AI, self-learning, vivid logo and language, and modular architecture. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 Xiaotu presents a participatory library service, in which users participate in the resources collection and become content co-creators. Her presence at anytime and anywhere on any kind of terminal maximizes her potential for the delivery of virtual reference services. Xiaotu has the potential to be a general reference robot or a costumed institute robot. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 AI is adopted in libraries to form an innovative online reference service. The participatory library service is practiced through a high-featured interactive communication. The aesthetic design of Xiaotu and the related promotions are new in libraries as well.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/lht-02-2015-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T09:15:57Z","timestamp":1433150157000},"page":"245-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Smart talking robot Xiaotu: participatory library service based on artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b1","unstructured":"ALICE\n (2015), \u201cA.L.I.C.E. Artificial Intelligence Foundation\u201d, available at: http:\/\/alice.pandorabots.com\/ (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bomhold, C.\n (2014), \u201cMobile services at academic libraries: meeting the users\u2019 needs?\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech\n , Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 336-345.","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-10-2013-0138"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, C.\n (2012), \u201cMarketing the academic library with online social network advertising\u201d, \n Library Management\n , Vol. 33 Nos 8\/9, pp. 479-489.","DOI":"10.1108\/01435121211279849"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b4","unstructured":"China Internet Network Information Center\n (2014), \u201cThe 34th statistical report on internet development in China\u201d (in Chinese), available at: www.cnnic.net.cn\/hlwfzyj\/hlwxzbg\/hlwtjbg\/201407\/P020140721507223212132.pdf (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson, G.\n and \n Dorner, D.\n (2009), \u201cSelection criteria for mobile library collections\u201d, \n Collection Building\n , Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 51-58.","DOI":"10.1108\/01604950910953080"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickson, A.\n and \n Holley, R.P.\n (2010), \u201cSocial networking in academic libraries: the possibilities and the concerns\u201d, \n New Library World\n , Vol. 111 Nos 11\/12, pp. 468-479.","DOI":"10.1108\/03074801011094840"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b8","unstructured":"Fu, Y.\n (2014), \u201cResearch on the APP services of mobile library\u201d, \n Library Tribune\n , Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 102-105 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b9","unstructured":"Jabberwacky\n (2015), \u201cjabberwacky.com\u201d, available at: www.jabberwacky.com (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs, M.L.\n (2009), \u201cLibraries and the mobile revolution: remediation=relevance\u201d, \n Reference Services Review\n , Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 286-290.","DOI":"10.1108\/00907320910982776"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, R.B.\n (2010), \u201cOptimizing library content for mobile phones\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech News\n , Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 6-9.","DOI":"10.1108\/07419051011050411"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jingru, H.\n (2013), \u201cGlobal village: mobile access to library resources\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech\n , Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 467-477.","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-12-2012-0132"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b13","unstructured":"King, D.L.\n (2012), \u201cSocial media\u201d, \n Library Technology Reports\n , Vol. 48 No. 6, pp. 23-27."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lankes, R.D.\n , \n Silverstein, J.\n and \n Nicholson, S.\n (2007), \u201cParticipatory networks: the library as conversation\u201d, \n Information Technology & Library\n , Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 17-33.","DOI":"10.6017\/ital.v26i4.3267"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b15","unstructured":"Li, X.\n (2011), \u201cMeet Xiao Tu, Robot referencer librarian\u201d, Kaleidoscope, available at: www.library.cornell.edu\/staffweb\/kaleidoscope\/volume20\/december2011.html#meetxiaotu (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b16","unstructured":"Librarianinsider\n (2012), \u201cXiao Tu the talking robot at Tsinghua University library\u201d, No. 31, July, available at: http:\/\/ej.iop.org\/pdf-nfs\/insider\/2012_librarian_insider_31.pdf (accessed January 21, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippincott, J.K.\n (2010), \u201cA mobile future for academic libraries\u201d, \n Reference Services Review\n , Vol. 38 No. 2, pp. 205-213.","DOI":"10.1108\/00907321011044981"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, L.\n , \n Wang Y.\n and \n Han, L.\n (2013), \u201cMarketing via social media: a case study\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech\n , Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 455-466.","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-12-2012-0141"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b19","unstructured":"McCarthy, J.\n (2007), \u201cWhat is artificial intelligence?\u201d, available at: www-formal.stanford.edu\/jmc\/whatisai\/node1.html (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b20","unstructured":"McKiernan, G.\n (2010), \u201cWorldwide mobile phone adoption and libraries\u201d, \n Searcher\n , Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 48-51."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, L.\n (2010), \u201cLibraries \u201clike to move it, move it\u201d, \n Reference Services Review\n , Vol. 38 No. 2, pp. 233-249.","DOI":"10.1108\/00907321011045007"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00e1ndez, G.\n and \n Borrego, \u00c1.\n (2013), \u201cUse of social networks for academic purposes: a case study\u201d, \n The Electronic Library\n , Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 781-791.","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-03-2012-0031"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negi, D.S.\n (2014), \u201cUsing mobile technologies in libraries and information centers\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech News\n , Vol. 31 No. 5, pp. 14-16.","DOI":"10.1108\/LHTN-05-2014-0034"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.C.\n , \n Partridge, H.\n and \n Edwards, S.L.\n (2012), \u201cTowards an understanding of the participatory library\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech\n , Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 335-346.","DOI":"10.1108\/07378831211239997"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b25","unstructured":"NLPIR\n (2015), \u201cNLPIR Chinese word segmentation system or ICTCLAS 2015\u201d, available at: http:\/\/ictclas.nlpir.org\/ (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowlan, G.\n (2013), \u201cGoing mobile: creating a mobile presence for your library\u201d, \n New Library World\n , Vol. 114 Nos 3\/4, pp. 142-150.","DOI":"10.1108\/03074801311304050"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b26","unstructured":"QuestionPoint: 24\/7 references services\n (2010), \u201cMonthly report for December 2010\u201d, available at: http:\/\/questionpoint.blogs.com\/questionpoint_247_referen\/2011\/01\/monthly-report-for-december-2010.html (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b29","unstructured":"Renren\n (2015a), \u201cRenren website\u201d, available at: www.renren.com (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b30","unstructured":"Renren\n (2015b), \u201cTsinghua University Libarry on Renren platform\u201d, available at: www.renren.com\/272174007 (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b31","unstructured":"Renren\n (2015c), \u201cTalking robot Tutu on Renren open platform\u201d, available at: http:\/\/apps.renren.com\/xiaoiwebbot\/?origin=50001 (accessed January 22, 2015 )."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutherford, L.\n (2008a), \u201cImplementing social software in public libraries\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech\n , Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 184-200.","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830810880306"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutherford, L.\n (2008b), \u201cBuilding participative library services: the impact of social software use in public libraries\u201d, \n Library Hi Tech\n , Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 411-423.","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830810903337"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b32","unstructured":"Shi, G.\n and \n Xia, Q.\n (2014), \u201cThe mobile library research: review and prospect\u201d, \n Journal of Library Science in China\n , Vol. 40 No. 210, pp. 78-91 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smeaton, K.\n and \n Davis, K.\n (2014), \u201cSocial technologies in public libraries: exploring best practice\u201d, \n Library Management\n , Vol. 35 No. 3, pp. 224-238.","DOI":"10.1108\/LM-09-2013-0087"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b34","unstructured":"The Verge\n (2014), \u201cComputer allegedly passes turing test for first time by convincing judges it is a 13-year-old boy\u201d, available at: www.theverge.com\/2014\/6\/8\/5790936\/computer-passes-turing-test-for-first-time-by-convincing-judges-it-is (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b35","unstructured":"Tilstra, J.\n (2014), \u201cFrom \u2018mobile first\u2019 to \u2018user first\u2019\u201d, available at: http:\/\/m-lib5.lib.cuhk.edu.hk\/files\/pdf\/presentation\/2b_03.pdf (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b36","unstructured":"University of Reading\n (2014), \u201cTuring test success marks milestone in computing history\u201d, available at: www.reading.ac.uk\/news-and-events\/releases\/PR583836.aspx (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassilakaki, E.\n and \n Garoufallou, E.\n (2014), \u201cThe impact of Facebook on libraries and librarians: a review of the literature\u201d, \n Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems\n , Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 226-245.","DOI":"10.1108\/PROG-03-2013-0011"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace, R.S.\n (2009), \u201cThe anatomy of A.L.I.C.E\u201d, in \n Epstein, R.\n , \n Roberts, G.\n and \n Beber, G.\n (Eds), \n Parsing the Turning Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer\n , Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 181-210.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6710-5_13"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b39","unstructured":"Wallace, R.S.\n (2015), \u201cAIML overview\u201d, available at: www.pandorabots.com\/pandora\/pics\/wallaceaimltutorial.html (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b40","unstructured":"Wang, Q.\n and \n Zhang, C.\n (2011), \u201cA study of user experience in Tsinghua wireless and mobile digital library system(TWIMS)\u201d, \n Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science\n , Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 50-65."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b41","unstructured":"Wechat\n (2015), \u201cConnecting a half billion people just got more personal\u201d, available at: www.wechat.com\/en\/ (accessed January 21, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b42","unstructured":"Wikipedia\n (2015a), \u201cArtificial intelligence\u201d, available at: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_intelligence (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b43","unstructured":"Wikipedia\n (2015b), \u201cArtificial linguistic internet computer entity\u201d, available at: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_Linguistic_Internet_Computer_Entity (accessed January 22, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b44","unstructured":"Wong, K.-F.\n , \n Li, W.\n , \n Xu, R.\n and \n Zhang, Z.-S.\n (2010), \n Introduction to Chinese Natural Language Processing\n , Morgan&Claypool Publishers, Princeton, NJ."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b45","unstructured":"XiaoI robot\n (2015), \u201cwww.xiaoi.com\u201d, available at: http:\/\/i.xiaoi.com\/ (accessed January 20, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b46","unstructured":"Xiaotu\n (2015), Xiaotu, available at: http:\/\/166.111.120.164:8081\/programd\/ (accessed January 20, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, I.\n and \n Stevenson, J.\n (2014), \u201cSocial media application in digital libraries\u201d, \n Online Information Review\n , Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 502-523.","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-11-2013-0261"},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b50","unstructured":"Yangtse Evening News\n (2011), \u201cChat with Tsinghua robot Xiaotu\u201d, available at: http:\/\/epaper.yangtse.com\/yzwb\/2011-01\/03\/content_253242.htm?div=-1 (accessed January 21, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b49","unstructured":"Yao, F.\n , \n Ji, L.\n , \n Zhang, C.\n and \n Chen, W.\n (2011b), \u201cReal-time virtual reference service based on applicable artificial intelligence technologies: the debut of the robot Xiaotu at Tsinghua university library\u201d, \n Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science\n , Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 12-26 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b48","unstructured":"Yao, F.\n , \n Zhang, C.\n , \n Chen, W.\n and \n Dou, T.\n (2011a), \u201cStudy on integrating library services into social network sites: taking the book club of Tsinghua library university as a practice example\u201d, \n Library Journal\n , Vol. 30 No. 6, pp. 24-28+23."},{"key":"key2020122321551961300_b51","unstructured":"Ye, P.\n (2010), \u201cIM reference service development status and trend analysis at home and abroad\u201d, \n Journal of Modern Information\n , Vol. 30 No. 7, pp. 83-86+92 (in Chinese)."}],"container-title":["Library Hi Tech"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/LHT-02-2015-0010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/LHT-02-2015-0010\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/LHT-02-2015-0010\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:14:02Z","timestamp":1753395242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lht\/article\/33\/2\/245-260\/259469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/LHT-02-2015-0010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/lht-02-2015-0010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-8831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0737-8831","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]}}}