{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:38:16Z","timestamp":1760985496451,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LHT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the technology confidence, skills, and post-skills-test emotions in traditional (younger than 24 years old) and non-traditional (24 and older) first-year college students at three undergraduate campuses in the Northeastern USA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Totally, 39 college freshmen from three college campuses were recruited for the study. An online test environment and screen recording software were used to measure student proficiency in using PDFs, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, Gmail, and Windows. Data were collected in September 2013.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The majority of the students struggled with at least one facet of academic software. Traditional students were more confident than non-traditional students in their technology skills, but they did not score any higher on the skills test. Students who placed at the high end and low end of the test results curve most accurately assessed their technology skills, and their post-test feelings were the most appropriate in light of their test results. A large percentage of the traditional aged students were overconfident about their skills and self-identified as \u201chappy\u201d or \u201cwonderful\u201d even after performing poorly on the test.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Having concrete data about student technology skills, rather than anecdotal data from Reference Desk interactions, can help librarians design improved instruction and tutorials that target areas of student technology weakness. In addition, there have been no studies that examine student immediate emotional response to test performance in this type of testing environment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/lht-03-2016-0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T08:40:07Z","timestamp":1473842407000},"page":"468-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Academic technology confidence levels vs ability in first-year traditional and non-traditional undergraduates"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Eichelberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Imler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.12.001","article-title":"Computer usage and the validity of self-assessed computer competence among first-year business students","volume":"49","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2010.00369.x","article-title":"Debunking the \u2018Digital Native\u2019: beyond digital apartheid, towards digital democracy","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref003","unstructured":"Dahlstrom, E. and Bichsel, J. (2014), \u201cStudy of students and information technology, 2014. EDUCAUSE center for analysis and research (ECAR)\u201d, available at: www.educause.edu\/library\/resources\/study-students-and-information-technology-2014 (accessed December 12, 2014)."},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref004","unstructured":"Dickerson, J. (2005), \u201cAnalysis of computing skills and differences between demographic groups: a basis for curriculum development in computer technology courses at UNC Wilmington\u201d, PhD thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, available at: www.lib.ncsu.edu\/resolver\/1840.16\/4154 (accessed January 3, 2015)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2010.11779068","article-title":"Mind the gap: the digital dimension of college access","volume":"81","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Higher Education"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.28945\/164","article-title":"A comparison of student perceptions of their computer skills to their actual abilities","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21681","article-title":"What\u2019s skill got to do with it? Information literacy skills and self-views of ability among first-year college students","volume":"63","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.38.3.a","article-title":"Digital native, digital immigrants: an analysis of age and ICT competency in teacher education","volume":"38","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920902989227","article-title":"Digital natives: where is the evidence?","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.09.022","article-title":"Net generation or digital natives: is there a distinct new generation entering university?","volume":"54","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2190\/J111-Q132-N166-K249","article-title":"The impact of preservice teachers\u2019 emotions on computer use: a formative analysis","volume":"36","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2010.00371.x","article-title":"Beyond natives and immigrants: exploring types of net generation students","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref013","first-page":"108","article-title":"First year students\u2019 experiences with technology: are they really digital natives?","volume":"24","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref014","first-page":"39","article-title":"Campus newcomers arrive with more skill, better gear","volume":"47","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronicle of Higher Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020121302303625500_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/10748120110424816","article-title":"Digital natives, digital immigrants","volume":"9","year":"2001","journal-title":"On The Horizon"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2003.09.006","article-title":"Domains and determinants of university students\u2019 self-perceived computer competence","volume":"43,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"key2020121302303625500_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.11.006","article-title":"Digital divides? 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