{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:05:57Z","timestamp":1754161557018,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2016, Bohannon published an article analyzing the download rate of the top ten countries using the illegal Sci-Hub website. Four years later, this study approaches the search behavior of these ten countries as they query about Sci-Hub in Google's search engine, the world's most widely used search engine. The authors also tracked the possible consequences of using Sci-Hub, such as plagiarism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The search terms \u201cSci-Hub\u201d, \u201cPlagiarism\u201d and \u201cPlagiarism Checker\u201d were explored with Google Trends. The queries were performed globally and individually for the ten target countries, all categories and web searches. The time range was limited between 1\/1\/2016 (after the date of publication of Bohannon's work) and 29\/03\/2020. Data were extracted from Google Trends and the findings were mapped.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Searching for the word Sci-Hub on Google has increased nearly eightfold worldwide in the last four years, with China, Ethiopia and Tunisia having the most searches. Sci-Hub's search trends increased for most of the T10C, with Brazil and Iran having the highest and lowest average searches, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Access to the research literature is required to the progress of research, but it should not be obtained illegally. Given the increasing incidence of these problems in countries at any level of development, it is important to pay attention to ethics education in research and establish ethics committees. A comprehensive review of the research process is required to reduce the urge to circumvent copyright laws and includes training and educating research stakeholders in copyright literacy. To address these goals, national and international seriousness and enthusiasm are essential.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/lht-04-2020-0105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T05:11:13Z","timestamp":1613365873000},"page":"970-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The black crow of science and its impact: analyzing Sci-Hub use with Google Trends"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Emad","family":"Behboudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology, , Gorgan,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-9341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrollah","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher , Bushehr,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5400-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema","family":"Bueno de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Filosofia y Letras Ciencias de la Documentaci\u00f3n e Historia de la Ciencia, , , Zaragoza,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad de Zaragoza Ciencias de la Documentaci\u00f3n e Historia de la Ciencia, , , Zaragoza,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025072820455779100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12109-018-9596-x","article-title":"Tunisian academics at the turbulent times of the \u2018Jasmine Revolution\u2019: publication challenges and survival strategies","volume":"34","author":"Abdeljaoued","year":"2018","journal-title":"Publishing Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-22-53","article-title":"The urge to publish more and its consequences","volume":"22","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2013.822269","article-title":"A systematic approach to instruction in research ethics","volume":"21","author":"Antes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accountability in Research"},{"issue":"6285","key":"2025072820455779100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1126\/science.352.6285.508","article-title":"Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone","volume":"352","author":"Bohannon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7850","article-title":"Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology","volume":"7","author":"Boudry","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072820455779100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2018.01.009","article-title":"Misconduct as the main cause for retraction. A descriptive study of retracted publications and their authors","volume":"33","author":"Campos-Varela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5860\/crln.78.2.9621","article-title":"Access to research and Sci-Hub: creating opportunities for campus conversations on open access and ethics","volume":"78","author":"Crissinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"College and Research Libraries News"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072820455779100_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-01-2019-0020","article-title":"A review of the open-access scenario in Afghanistan","volume":"37","author":"Dandawate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO.2017.7973535","author":"Duic","year":"2017"},{"issue":"42","key":"2025072820455779100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212247109","article-title":"Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications","volume":"109","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.10.007","article-title":"Fast lane to slow science","volume":"24","author":"Frith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025072820455779100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JB01","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2015\/17160.6699","article-title":"Why we say no! A look through the editor's eye","volume":"9","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2019.ene.12","article-title":"Sci-Hub, a challenge for academic and research libraries","volume":"28","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Solar","year":"2019","journal-title":"El Profesional de la Informaci\u00f3n"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29379\/jedem.v3i1.54","article-title":"Open access to research. Changing researcher behavior through university and funder mandates","volume":"3","author":"Harnad","year":"2011","journal-title":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.32822","article-title":"Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature","volume":"7","author":"Himmelstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"ELife"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/02763869.2017.1259918","article-title":"Sci-Hub: what librarians should know and do about article piracy","volume":"36","author":"Hoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Reference Services Quarterly"},{"article-title":"InternetLiveStats live map","year":"2019","author":"InternetLiveStats.com","key":"2025072820455779100_ref014"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025072820455779100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.22070\/rsci.2018.698","article-title":"Determining Iran's scientific competitiveness ranking using scientific complexity index (A comparative study in middle-eastern countries)","volume":"5","author":"Janavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.152084","article-title":"Plagiarism: an egregious form of misconduct","volume":"7","author":"Juyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"North American Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072820455779100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1108\/07378831111189741","article-title":"Development, assessment and use of an on-line plagiarism tutorial","volume":"29","author":"Kellum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072820455779100_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1515\/libri-2012-0026","article-title":"Factors influencing acceptance of open access publishing among medical researchers in Iran","volume":"62","author":"Khalili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Libri"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072820455779100_ref022","first-page":"19","article-title":"Education of standards of research ethics: the undeniable necessity of higher education curricula","volume":"7","author":"Khandagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethics in Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1353\/lib.2018.0043","article-title":"The development of resource sharing, scholarly communication, and the role of publishers in the context of academic libraries","volume":"67","author":"Kristof","year":"2018","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref024","unstructured":"Law on prevention and combating fraud in scientific publications\n           (2017), \u201cIran\u201d, available at:\u2008http:\/\/media.dotic.ir\/uploads\/old\/Attachs\/old\/448.pdf (accessed\u200820 October 2020)."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072820455779100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666916671080","article-title":"Piracy of scientific papers in Latin America: an analysis of Sci-Hub usage data","volume":"32","author":"Machin-Mastromatteo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Development"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-07841-9","article-title":"Pakistan and Egypt had highest rises in research output in 2018","author":"Makri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref027","first-page":"87","article-title":"Why Iranian biomedical articles are retracted?","volume":"13","author":"Masoomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Medical Education and Development"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025072820455779100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185673","article-title":"Use, knowledge, and perception of the scientific contribution of Sci-Hub in medical students: study in six countries in Latin America","volume":"12","author":"Mejia","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSE.2011.6028888","article-title":"APlag: a plagiarism checker for Arabic texts","author":"Menai","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072820455779100_ref030","first-page":"75","article-title":"A comparative study of scientific misconduct through the world","volume":"28","author":"Moradi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.15407\/scine14.02.019","article-title":"Black open access in Ukraine: analysis of downloading sci-hub publications by Ukrainian internet users","volume":"14","author":"Nazarovets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science Innovation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1206","article-title":"Sci-Hub: the new and ultimate disruptor? View from the front","volume":"32","author":"Nicholas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Learned Publishing"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4375","article-title":"The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles","volume":"6","author":"Piwowar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18352\/lq.7755","article-title":"The next information revolution-How open access repositories and journals will transform scholarly communications","volume":"14","author":"Prosser","year":"2003","journal-title":"LIBER Quarterly"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025072820455779100_ref035","first-page":"833","article-title":"Plagiarism: prevention and detection","volume":"3","author":"Rai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australasian Medical Journal: Letter to the editor"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072820455779100_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.02.003","article-title":"Sanctions for research misconduct in cardiothoracic surgery journals","volume":"102","author":"Sade","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.22196","article-title":"US court grants Elsevier millions in damages from Sci-Hub","volume":"6","author":"Schiermeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-03-2017-0062","article-title":"An infodemiology study on breast cancer in Iran: health information supply versus health information demand in PubMed and Google Trends","volume":"36","author":"SeyyedHosseini","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2019.10.007","article-title":"Research culture reduces scientific misconduct","volume":"34","author":"Shamsi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072820455779100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.15507\/1991-9468.088.021.201703.522-534","article-title":"Sci-Hub as a mirror of research and educational institutions' acquisition of E-resources","volume":"21","author":"Shvartsman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integration of Education"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8460.3","article-title":"The academic, economic and societal impacts of open access: an evidence-based review","volume":"5","author":"Tennant","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30388-7","article-title":"Who is pirating medical literature? A bibliometric review of 28 million Sci-Hub downloads","volume":"7","author":"Till","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref043","unstructured":"UNDESA (Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat)\n           (2020), \u201cWorld economic situation and prospects\u201d, Statistical Annex, available at:\u2008https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/dpad\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/WESP2020_Annex.pdf (accessed\u200820 October 2020)."},{"article-title":"2019 human development index ranking","year":"2019","author":"UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)","key":"2025072820455779100_ref048"},{"key":"2025072820455779100_ref044","unstructured":"World Bank Group\n           (2019), \u201cWorld Bank Open Data. Free and open access to global development data\u201d, Washington, DC, available at:\u2008http:\/\/data.worldbank.org (accessed\u200820 October 2020)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072820455779100_ref045","first-page":"364","article-title":"Plagiarism-A serious scientific misconduct","volume":"6","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072820455779100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.52547\/ethicnurs.5.1.55","article-title":"An exploration on ethical challenge of scientific misconduct in publication of medical papers: examples, causes of plagiarism, and practical strategies to prevent it","volume":"5","author":"Zamanzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Ethics in Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072820455779100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1515\/LIBR.2006.145","article-title":"The effect of open access on citation impact: a comparison study based on web citation analysis","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Libri"}],"container-title":["Library Hi Tech"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/LHT-04-2020-0105\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lht\/article-pdf\/39\/4\/970\/1794195\/lht-04-2020-0105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lht\/article-pdf\/39\/4\/970\/1794195\/lht-04-2020-0105.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:46:04Z","timestamp":1753749964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lht\/article\/39\/4\/970\/266485\/The-black-crow-of-science-and-its-impact-analyzing"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/lht-04-2020-0105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-8831","2054-166X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0737-8831"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2054-166X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]}}}