{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:43:54Z","timestamp":1767894234058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LHT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper (including three studies) is to investigate the idea that individuals in an emergency situation experience significantly a higher level of emotional activation, lower performance of task, and change in decision making, escaping behavior and conformity as compared to being in a non-emergency situation. It is also suggested that the level of emotional activation mediates the association between situation and the performance of task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study 1 was an experimental study with 43 university students and revealed that different situations induced different levels of emotional activation and they are positively and significantly related. Study 2 was a further exploration of study 1, in which 49 participants were asked to watch a recomposed video telling a reasonable story about escaping from the emergency and complete several tasks associated with two kinds of situations (non-emergency vs emergency). In study 3, 168 participants, randomly assigned to three groups, were asked to work on judgment tasks with different numbers of options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results revealed that individuals in an emergency situation experience significantly lower performance of task and higher conformity tendency than in a non-emergency situation. Also, the causal effect of the situation on the performance of task is mediated by the level of emotional activation. Moreover, results found that the performance of task is also a mediator between the level of emotional activation and conformity. Result showed that the number of choices is negatively related to conformity, and performance is a mediator between the number of choices and conformity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper suggested that the level of emotional activation mediates the association between situation and the performance of task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/lht-08-2018-0113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T05:29:23Z","timestamp":1546234163000},"page":"593-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The research of human individual\u2019s conformity behavior in emergency situations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904322926782","article-title":"Impaired judgments of sadness but not happiness following bilateral amygdala damage","volume":"16","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032148","article-title":"The effects of subjective time pressure and individual differences on hypotheses generation and action prioritization in police investigations","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied"},{"key":"key2020092904415712000_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1155-31","article-title":"Opinions and social pressures","volume":"193","year":"1955","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/jip.19","article-title":"Motivational sources of confirmation bias in criminal investigations: the need for cognitive closure","volume":"2","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling"},{"key":"key2020092904415712000_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality & Social Psychology"},{"issue":"7219","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07538","article-title":"Associative learning of social value","volume":"456","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000162","article-title":"Neuromodulation of right auditory cortex selectively increases activation in speech-related brain areas in Brainstem Auditory Agnosia","volume":"31","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology"},{"issue":"91","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref004","first-page":"126","article-title":"Human responses to multiple sources of directional information in virtual crowd evacuations","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2011.640662","article-title":"Affective states leak into movement execution: automatic avoidance of threatening stimuli in fear of spider is visible in reach trajectories","volume":"26","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref006","first-page":"184","article-title":"Positive feelings facilitate working memory and complex decision making among older adults","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/15236803.2012.12001686","article-title":"Public administration emergency management pedagogy: cultivating the habit of critical thinking","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Public Affairs Education"},{"key":"key2020092904415712000_ref008","volume-title":"Time Paradigm (version 1.0) [Manual]","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092904415712000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395450","article-title":"Validation of the immediate and delayed memory tasks in hospitalized adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders","volume":"53","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Record"},{"key":"key2020092904415712000_ref010","unstructured":"Drabek, T.E. 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