{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:42:14Z","timestamp":1765370534778,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licences\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is crucial for aviation decarbonization, but its current pre-blending process at refineries presents challenges, including fixed blending ratios, higher transportation costs and long lead times. This study explores the potential of an innovative technology that enables on-site SAF blending at airports. By postponing blending to the point of use, this approach offers customization opportunities. However, the precise benefits and trade-offs of this concept remain unclear. The research aims to assess the impact of on-site blending on fuel price, lead time, carbon emissions and supply chain costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This empirical study evaluates the effects of SAF postponement using case analyses of Singapore-Seletar and Maastricht airports. The analysis incorporates cost modeling, lead time assessment and carbon impact calculations to quantify the implications of shifting blending downstream to airport sites. Data sources include industry reports, airport-specific logistics information and SAF supply chain parameters. A comparative analysis is conducted to determine optimal airport conditions for SAF postponement, highlighting key enablers and barriers to implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that on-site SAF blending can create competitive advantages by reducing supply chain costs and lowering carbon emissions. The benefits are contingent on airport-specific factors, such as Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids availability, logistics infrastructure and regulatory conditions. The findings suggest that certain airports, particularly those with strategic locations and favorable cost structures, are better suited for adopting SAF postponement. By shifting production downstream, airports can achieve greater flexibility in SAF blending ratios while minimizing logistical inefficiencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, this study is among the first to empirically examine the feasibility of postponing SAF blending to the airport level. While existing literature focuses on SAF production and distribution, the concept of downstream blending has not been systematically analyzed. The research provides new insights into how mass customization principles can be applied to SAF supply chains, potentially reshaping fuel logistics in the aviation industry. By identifying critical factors for successful implementation, this study contributes to both academic discussions and practical decision-making in sustainable aviation fuel management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/lore-01-2025-0012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:42:47Z","timestamp":1762429367000},"page":"87-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postponement for greener skies: the\u00a0potential for sustainable aviation fuel on-site blending at airports"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Oetzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"K\u00fchne Logistics University , ,","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2140-4915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Puay Guan","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUS Business School, National University of Singapore , ,","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-572X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kai","family":"Hoberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K\u00fchne Logistics University , ,","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127937","article-title":"Sustainable aviation fuels and imminent technologies - CO2 emissions evolution towards 2050","volume":"313","author":"Abrantes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.103076","article-title":"A cognitive mapping approach to analyse stakeholders' perspectives on sustainable aviation fuels","volume":"100","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research. Part D, Transport and Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121003012088500_ref063","first-page":"15","article-title":"Marketing efficiency and the principle of postponement","volume":"3","author":"Alderson","year":"1950","journal-title":"Cost and Profit Outlook"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref003","unstructured":"ASTM International\n           (2022), \u201cStandard specification for aviation turbine fuels\u201d, available at:\u00a0astm.org (accessed\u00a015 November 2022)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121003012088500_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2019.1636354","article-title":"Postponement implementation in integrated production and inventory plan under deterioration effects: a case study of a juice producer with limited storage capacity","volume":"31","author":"Bandaly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Production Planning & Control"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/14484846.2018.1478700","article-title":"Some issues affecting potential stakeholder uptake of sustainable aviation fuel within Australia: a case study conducted at Darwin International Airport","volume":"18","author":"Bardell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.89397","article-title":"Aviation fuels and biofuels. Renewable Energy - resources","author":"Baumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Challenges and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.0103.0054","article-title":"Accelerating the profitability of Hewlett-Packard\u2019s supply chains","volume":"34","author":"Billington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"volume-title":"Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply Chain Process","year":"1996","author":"Bowersox","key":"2025121003012088500_ref065"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref008","unstructured":"bp\n           (2022a), \u201cAvgas | Aviation fuel\u201d, available at:\u00a0bp.com (accessed\u00a010 October 2022)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref009","unstructured":"bp\n           (2022b), \u201cJet fuel | Aviation fuel\u201d, available at:\u00a0bp.com (accessed\u00a010 October 2022)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref010","unstructured":"bp\n           (2023), \u201cHow all sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) feedstocks and production technologies can play a role in decarbonising aviation | News and views | Air bp. Air Bp\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.bp.com\/en\/global\/air-bp\/news-and-views\/views\/how_all_sustainable_aviation_fuel_SAF_feedstocks_and_production_technologies_can_play_a_role_in_decarbonising_aviation.html (accessed\u00a016 November 2023)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121003012088500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.30.4.65.11650","article-title":"Xilinx improves its semiconductor supply chain using product and process postponement","volume":"30","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Interfaces (Providence)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2008.07.020","article-title":"Evaluation of product customization strategies through modularization and postponement","volume":"120","author":"Brun","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/002224376500200103","article-title":"Postponement, speculation and the structure of distribution channels","volume":"2","author":"Bucklin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref013","unstructured":"CAAFI\n           (2023), \u201cSupply chain development\u201d, available at:\u00a0caafi.org (accessed am 8. Oktober 2023, von)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref014","unstructured":"CBS Statline\n           (2022), available at:\u00a0https:\/\/opendata.cbs.nl\/statline\/ (accessed\u00a015 December 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121003012088500_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2012.01.003","article-title":"Postponement strategy for international transfer of products in a global supply chain: a system dynamics examination","volume":"30","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.102799","article-title":"Deadlock in sustainable aviation fuels: a multi-case analysis of agency. Transportation Research","volume":"94","author":"Dodd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Part D, Transport and Environment"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref017","first-page":"116","article-title":"Mass customization at Hewlett-Packard: the power of postponement","volume":"75","author":"Feitzinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/13675567.2014.945403","article-title":"A theoretical framework for postponement concept in a supply chain","volume":"18","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications"},{"article-title":"Overview of FlyORO Alphalite system","year":"2023","author":"FlyORO","key":"2025121003012088500_ref019"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jcaf.20169","article-title":"From mass production to mass customization: postponement of inventory differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Graman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.01.010","article-title":"A stochastic model for the implementation of postponement strategies in global distribution networks","volume":"53","author":"Guericke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2172\/1660415","volume-title":"Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Review of Technical Pathways","author":"Holladay","year":"2020"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025121003012088500_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.3390\/su11133545","article-title":"Estimating the cost of biofuel use to mitigate international air transport emissions: a case study in Palau and Seychelles","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref024","unstructured":"IATA\n           (2021), \u201cOur Commitment to fly Net zero by 2050. IATA.Org\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/environment\/flynetzero\/ (accessed\u00a04 January 2023)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref025","unstructured":"IATA\n           (2022a), \u201cIATA carbon offset program\u201d, IATA.Org, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.iata.org\/contentassets\/922ebc4cbcd24c4d9fd55933e7070947\/icop_faq_general-for-airline-participants.pdf (accessed\u00a029 December 2022)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref026","unstructured":"IATA\n           (2022c), \u201cAnnual Review 2022\u201d, available at:\u00a0www.iata.org (accessed\u00a04 January 2023)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref027","unstructured":"IATA\n           (2022d), \u201cNet zero 2050: sustainable aviation fuels\u201d, available at:\u00a0www.iata.org (accessed\u00a09 October 2022)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IPCC\n           (2022), \u201cClimate Change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: summary for policymakers\u201d, doi: 10.1017\/9781009325844.001, available at:\u00a0ipcc.ch (accessed\u00a04 January 2023).","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009325844.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.09.018","article-title":"The selected determinants of manufacturing postponement within supply chain context: an international study","volume":"133","author":"Kisperska-Moron","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121003012088500_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602572","article-title":"Effects of product postponement on the distribution network: a case study","volume":"60","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref031","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Strategic Supply Chain Alignment","author":"Lee","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1390-8_6","article-title":"Designing products and processes for postponement","author":"Lee","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136934","article-title":"Impact of services on the supply chain configuration of sustainable aviation fuel: The case of CO2e emission reductions in the U.S","volume":"404","author":"Martinez-Valencia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.07.146","article-title":"Firms' capabilities for sustainable innovation: the case of biofuel for aviation","volume":"167","author":"Mousavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer17010002","article-title":"A literature review of taxes in cross-border supply chain modeling: themes, tax types and new trade-offs","volume":"17","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref035","unstructured":"Neste\n           (2022), \u201cKey benefits of SAF. Neste worldwide\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.neste.com\/products\/all-products\/saf\/key-benefits (accessed\u00a031 October 2022)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref036","unstructured":"Oh, X. and ICAO (2011), \u201cFuel infrastructure at airports\u201d, available at:\u00a0www.iata.org, https:\/\/www.icao.int\/Meetings\/EnvironmentalWorkshops\/Documents\/2011 -SUSTAF\/19_Oh.pdf (accessed\u00a017 October 2022)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref037","first-page":"13","article-title":"Supply chain postponement and speculation strategies: how to choose the right strategy","volume":"19","author":"Pagh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Business Logistics"},{"volume-title":"Policy and Environmental Implications of Using HEFA+ for Aviation","year":"2018","author":"Pavlenko","key":"2025121003012088500_ref038"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121003012088500_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/16258312.2013.11517320","article-title":"A review of supply chain management and its main external influential factors","volume":"14","author":"Pounder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1108\/ijlm-10-2021-0508","article-title":"Coping with the postponement boundary problem: an empirical investigation in global food supply chains","volume":"33","author":"Prataviera","year":"2022","journal-title":"The International Journal of Logistics Management"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2019.12.015","article-title":"Synthetic fuels in aviation \u2013 current barriers and potential political measures","volume":"43","author":"Scheelhaase","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transportation Research Procedia"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref042","unstructured":"Seletar Airport\n           (2022), \u201cHistory and vision\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.seletarairport.com\/history-and-vision.html (accessed\u00a02 November 2022)."},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref043","article-title":"Neste to enable production of up to 500,000 tons\/a of Sustainable Aviation Fuel at its Rotterdam renewable products refinery","author":"Sieppi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neste Worldwide"},{"key":"2025121003012088500_ref044","unstructured":"SkyNRG\n           (2024), \u201cSustainable Fure Market Outlook 2024. June 2024\u00a0Update\u201d, available at:\u00a0https:\/\/skynrg.com\/skynrg-releases-sustainable-aviation-fuel-market-outlook-2024\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2516\/ogst\/2014007","article-title":"Production of hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) \u2013 optimisation of process yield. Oil & gas science and technology","volume":"71","author":"Starck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revue D\u2019IFP Energies Nouvelles"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2007.11.012","article-title":"Positioning multiple decoupling points in a supply network","volume":"113","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121003012088500_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1522(200005)13:3&lt;105::aid-pts503&gt;3.3.co;2-0","article-title":"Packaging postponement: a global packaging strategy","volume":"13","author":"Twede","year":"2000","journal-title":"Packaging Technology and Science"},{"volume-title":"Progress in Commercialization of Biojet\/Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF): Technologies, Potential and Challenges","year":"2021","author":"van Dyk","key":"2025121003012088500_ref048"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121003012088500_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9663.1998.tb01535.x","article-title":"VAL, the functional and spatial organization of businesses","volume":"87","author":"van Hoek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121003012088500_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s1366-5545(99)00028-9","article-title":"Postponed manufacturing supplementary to transportation services? Transportation Research. Part E","volume":"36","author":"van Hoek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2013.825741","article-title":"Coping with product variety in the food processing industry: the effect of form postponement","volume":"52","author":"Van Kampen","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/en14164972","article-title":"Postponement, product customization, and market-oriented supply chain management","volume":"21","author":"Waller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Business Logistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121003012088500_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1080\/00207544031000077284","article-title":"Implications of postponement for supply chain","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025121003012088500_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540310001631601","article-title":"Management of uncertainty through postponement","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121003012088500_ref055","first-page":"117","article-title":"Planning physical distribution with the principle of postponement","volume":"9","author":"Zinn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Business Logistics"}],"container-title":["Logistics Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lore\/article-pdf\/18\/1-2\/87\/10425905\/lore-01-2025-0012en.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lore\/article-pdf\/18\/1-2\/87\/10425905\/lore-01-2025-0012en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:01:32Z","timestamp":1765353692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/lore\/article\/18\/1-2\/87\/1310571\/Postponement-for-greener-skies-the-potential-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/lore-01-2025-0012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-035X","1865-0368"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-035X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0368"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]}}}