{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:47:19Z","timestamp":1777610839316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OIR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper investigates if the existing degree of students' acceptance and use of mobile or m-learning may face the online shift determined by SARS-CoV-2. Based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), a new comprehensive model, SD-UTAUT (social distancing-UTAUT), is developed to better understand relationships between the original constructs, plus personal innovativeness (PI) and information quality (IQ). It identifies the key factors affecting behavioral intention (BI) and use by examining the influence of revaluated hedonic motivation (HM) and learning value (LV) importance as mediators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The paper opted for an exploratory study involving 311 learners, using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SD-UTAUT can be a new m-learning model in higher education. It has high predictive power and confirmed 15 out of 16 hypotheses. The most powerful relationship is between performance expectancy (PE) and HM. IQ affected LV the most, since HM the behavioral use (BU). HM impacts the use behavior (UB) more than LV, but habit (HT) affects it the most.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because of the pandemic context, output may lack generalizability and reproducibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To improve usage, staff must provide better support, course creators emphasize the objectives and competencies and developers integrate innovation. The joy and pleasure of m-learning use may stimulate the LV through interesting and interactive content, like incorporating gamification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model set-up and circumstances are previously unseen. SD-UTAUT confirms ten new hypotheses and introduces the student's grade point average (GPA) as a moderator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Peer review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The peer review history for this article is available at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/publons.com\/publon\/10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017\">https:\/\/publons.com\/publon\/10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-01-2021-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T05:26:49Z","timestamp":1620797209000},"page":"1000-1019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Mobile learning acceptance and use in higher education during social distancing circumstances: an expansion and customization of UTAUT2"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan-Andrei","family":"Sitar-Taut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0277-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.036","article-title":"Developing a general extended technology acceptance model for E-learning (GETAMEL) by analysing commonly used external factors","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915597546","article-title":"The influence of learning value on learning management system use","volume":"32","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Development"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.004","article-title":"Evaluating E-learning systems success:An empirical study","volume":"102","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1108\/ITSE-09-2018-0065","article-title":"Technological innovativeness and information quality as neoteric predictors of users' acceptance of learning management system: an expansion of UTAUT2","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42794","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2977060","article-title":"An empirical study of the acceptance of IoT-based smart meter in Malaysia: the effect of electricity-saving knowledge and environmental awareness","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171907","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2956349","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of course design, course content support, course assessment and instructor characteristics on the actual use of E-learning system","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12651","article-title":"Towards the successful integration of e-learning systems in higher education in Iraq: a Student perspective","volume":"50","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11002-014-9299-9","article-title":"How collinearity affects mixture regression results","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"Marketing Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09744-x","article-title":"Academic Communities of Engagement: an expansive lens for examining support structures in blended and online learning","volume":"68","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref010","first-page":"2214","article-title":"Reasons associated with preservice teachers' intention to use immersive virtual reality in education","volume":"51","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-09-2017-0343","article-title":"Utilizing the Push-Pull-Mooring-Habit framework to explore users' intention to switch from offline to online real-person English learning platform","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.04.010","article-title":"Examining the students' behavioral intention to use e-learning in Azerbaijan? The General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-learning approach","volume":"111","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ITSE-05-2018-0027","article-title":"Effectiveness of e-learning portal from students' perspective: a structural equation model (SEM) approach","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2478\/jdis-2020-0029","article-title":"A tailor-made data quality approach for higher educational data","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Data and Information Science"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x","article-title":"Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace1","volume":"22","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2003.11045748","article-title":"The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success\u202f:A ten-year update","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09861-7","article-title":"Pandemic induced remote learning increases need for mobile game-based learning to engage learners","volume":"69","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20621-9_27","article-title":"An investigation of factors influencing college students' mobile learning behavior","volume":"9167","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-018-9177-1","article-title":"Acceptance and usage of mobile assisted language learning by higher education students","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref020","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings","year":"1987"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref021","volume-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-11-2018-0203","article-title":"When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Business Review"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2019.05.002","article-title":"Is it all about the Apps or the Device?: user experience and technology acceptance among iPad users","volume":"130","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-09-2015-0382","article-title":"Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines","volume":"116","year":"2016","journal-title":"Industrial Management and Data Systems"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.04.012","article-title":"Computer-supported collaborative learning: an analysis of the relationship between interaction, emotional support and online collaborative tools","volume":"138","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref027","article-title":"Understanding higher education learners' acceptance and use of mobile devices for language learning: a Rasch-based path modeling approach","volume":"146","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref028","article-title":"Three types of integrated course designs for using mobile technologies to support creativity in higher education","volume":"146","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208058","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037925","article-title":"Behavioral intention to use mobile learning: evaluating the role of self-efficacy, subjective norm, and WhatsApp use habit","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520610706406","article-title":"An empirical investigation into factors influencing the adoption of an e\u2010learning system","volume":"30","year":"2006","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12890","article-title":"A review of using partial least square structural equation modeling in e-learning research: A review of using partial least square structural equation modeling","volume":"51","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.3390\/math8101851","article-title":"Factors affecting the behavioral intention to adopt mobile payment: an empirical study in Taiwan","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09812-2","article-title":"A synthesis of systematic review research on emerging learning environments and technologies","volume":"68","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103617","article-title":"The influence of values on E-learning adoption","volume":"141","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref035","first-page":"55","article-title":"The effects of technology innovativeness and system exposure on student acceptance of e-textbooks","volume":"14","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12109-020-09732-2","article-title":"Online book shopping in Vietnam: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic situation","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"Publishing Research Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.02.005","article-title":"Mobile-based assessment: investigating the factors that influence behavioral intention to use","volume":"109","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref038","volume-title":"SmartPLS 3","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2019.1708612","article-title":"User acceptance of virtual reality: an extended technology acceptance model","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-018-9786-3","article-title":"Factors affecting the E-learning acceptance: a case study from UAE","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.03.049","article-title":"The elephant in the room: predictive performance of PLS models","volume":"69","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref502","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.261","article-title":"Mobile learning acceptance in social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak: the mediation effect of hedonic motivation","year":"","journal-title":"Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.4298","article-title":"Computational models that matter during a global pandemic outbreak: a call to action","volume":"23","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.037","article-title":"The acceptance and use of interactive whiteboards among teachers: differences in UTAUT determinants between pre- and post-adopters","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.06.009","article-title":"Digital games-based learning for children with dyslexia: a social constructivist perspective on engagement and learning during group game-play","volume":"114","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2307\/41410412","article-title":"Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"36","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems Research Center"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref047","unstructured":"Wold, H. (1985), \u201cPartial least squares\u201d, in Kotz, S. and Johnson, N.L. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 6, Wiley, NY, pp. 581-591."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021091312163475100_ref048","first-page":"492","article-title":"Factors affecting the adoption of e-learning technologies among higher education students in Nigeria: a structural equation modelling approach","volume":"35","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Development"},{"key":"key2021091312163475100_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1723113","article-title":"Identifying key factors affecting college students' adoption of the e-learning system in mandatory blended learning environments","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:42:05Z","timestamp":1753396925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/45\/5\/1000-1019\/315645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/oir-01-2021-0017","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1108\/OIR-01-2021-0017\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-4527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}}}