{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T02:48:16Z","timestamp":1762224496029,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n This paper aims to review the development path of Large Language Models (LLMs) and summarize the research hotspots and frontiers of LLMs in China so as to provide suggestions for further optimization in this field.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n This study employs bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace software. The data were extracted from CNKI using an advanced search with keywords, limiting sources to journals, and refining the dataset to relevant articles. A total of 751 Chinese research papers on LLMs from 2021 to 2024 were retrieved and selected. Co-occurrence and clustering diagrams were used to analyze the publication trends in journals, keywords, authors, and research institutions through integrating the Antecedents-Decisions-Outcomes (ADO) and Theory-Context-Characteristic-Method (TCCM) frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n It is found that the research on LLMs in China is still in an early and rapidly developing stage, with applications in fields such as education, medicine, and finance. The results indicate that the number of academic publications on LLMs was set to surge after 2023 due to the advancements of ChatGPT. The research focused on topics like artificial intelligence, human-computer collaboration, and ethical frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n This paper provides an in-depth exploration at the academic prospects of LLMs in China, gaining insights into its evolving research focuses and potential applications. The importance of balancing technological progress and ethical considerations in practical applications is also emphasized.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-01-2025-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T15:11:50Z","timestamp":1757776310000},"page":"1320-1334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A bibliometric analysis of large language models in China"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4017-0357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Lao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4018-9644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Si Zhe","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-025-09436-y","article-title":"LegItBART: a summarization model for Italian legal documents","author":"Benedetto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Law"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref002","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025110321434172600_ref003","first-page":"168","article-title":"Visual analysis of international computational thinking research based on CiteSpace","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Modern Information Technology"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref004","first-page":"92","article-title":"Brief analysis of research progress on large language models since ChatGPT","author":"Chang","year":"2024"},{"volume-title":"Principles and Applications of Analyzing a Citation Space","year":"2014","author":"Chen","key":"2025110321434172600_ref005"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110321434172600_ref006","first-page":"79","article-title":"Tool development and application of group emotion awareness in shared regulation: based on large language model technology framework","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Distance Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025110321434172600_ref007","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Robustness of GPT large language models on natural language processing tasks","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Research and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025110321434172600_ref008","first-page":"32","article-title":"AI education for young learners with a focus on large language models","volume":"2024","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Educational Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025110321434172600_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3712001","article-title":"Security and privacy challenges of large language models: a survey","volume":"57","author":"Das","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110321434172600_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1108\/jebde-08-2023-0015","article-title":"Unraveling the landscape of large language models: a systematic review and future perspectives","volume":"3","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Business and Digital Economics"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.070","article-title":"How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: an overview and guidelines","volume":"133","author":"Donthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110321434172600_ref012","first-page":"100","article-title":"Subject hotspot research based on word frequency analysis of time-weighted keywords","volume":"39","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025110321434172600_ref013","first-page":"12","article-title":"From great-powers coordination to global mechanisms: an analysis of the global governance of the artificial intelligence big model","volume":"2024","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemporary World"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110321434172600_ref014","first-page":"46","article-title":"Knowledge production based on large models and the dialectic of enlightenment","volume":"2024","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jiangsu Social Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110321434172600_ref015","first-page":"110","article-title":"Labor and action in the age of the big model: reflections centered on arendt","volume":"2024","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of Humanities"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025110321434172600_ref016","first-page":"16","article-title":"AGI as new infrastructure: a case study of next-generation generative artificial intelligence like GPT-4o","volume":"2024","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journalism Lover"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025110321434172600_ref017","first-page":"19","article-title":"AI for good: content and practice of value alignment in AI large language models","volume":"2023","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journalism Lover"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025110321434172600_ref018","first-page":"72","article-title":"Exploration of the application of large language models in library and information science at home and abroad","volume":"2024","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Library Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025110321434172600_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3703155","article-title":"A survey on hallucination in large language models: principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems"},{"issue":"ahead-of-print","key":"2025110321434172600_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-06-2024-0407","article-title":"I am proud of using ChatGPT: a moderated-mediating model of bandwagon effect on pride through habit formation","volume":"ahead-of-print","author":"Kwok","year":"2025","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025110321434172600_ref021","first-page":"12","article-title":"The development research and application prospect of large language model technology in financial field","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"FinTech Time"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025110321434172600_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084741","article-title":"A review of urban microclimate research based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer analysis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112913","article-title":"Context-enhanced framework for medical image report generation using multimodal contexts","volume":"310","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025110321434172600_ref024","first-page":"102","article-title":"Research on smart spaces in libraries at home and abroad: hot topics, evolutionary paths, and future implications","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Library Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025110321434172600_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-02-2024-0111","article-title":"Scientific evidence and specific context: leveraging large language models for health fact-checking","volume":"48","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110321434172600_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/13602381.2017.1357316","article-title":"A review of research on outward foreign direct investment from emerging countries, including China: what do we know, how do we know and where should we be heading?","volume":"24","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Business Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025110321434172600_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1108\/imr-10-2018-0280","article-title":"Gradual internationalization vs born-global\/international new venture models: a review and research agenda","volume":"36","author":"Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110321434172600_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1108\/lhtn-03-2023-0043","article-title":"ChatGPT in scientific and academic research: future fears and reassurances","volume":"40","author":"Qasem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech News"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025110321434172600_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-020-1647-3","article-title":"Pre-trained models for natural language processing: a survey","volume":"63","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science China Technological Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025110321434172600_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.29057\/jbapr.v3i6.6829","article-title":"Bibliometrics, a useful tool within the field of research","volume":"3","author":"Salinas-R\u00edos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Applied Psychology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110321434172600_ref031","first-page":"9","article-title":"Advances and prospects in inner surface defect detection based on CiteSpace","volume":"43","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref032","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of large language model evaluation methods","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aerospace Measurement Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025110321434172600_ref033","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of generative artificial intelligence large models in the design field","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Furniture and Interior Design"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110321434172600_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-1889-2","article-title":"Factors affecting number of citations: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"107","author":"Tahamtan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume":"2017","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025110321434172600_ref036","first-page":"74","article-title":"Scientometrics study of scientific literature: an integrated framework from data, methodology and functions","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Library and Information Service"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025110321434172600_ref037","first-page":"9","article-title":"Subversive change for intelligent information processing by the application of GPT-type technology","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Library Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025110321434172600_ref038","first-page":"5","article-title":"Integrated framework and future research agenda of digital marketing research: literature review based on TCCM framework and ADO framework","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Business Economics"},{"key":"2025110321434172600_ref039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intelligent intervention methods for cyberbullying in online communities: landscapes, challenges and prospects","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Computer Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025110321434172600_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1108\/lht-06-2021-0198","article-title":"A bibliometric study on library and information science and information systems literature during 2010-2019","volume":"41","author":"Wijewickrema","year":"2023","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025110321434172600_ref041","first-page":"2377","article-title":"Research on question answering system on joint of knowledge graph and large language models","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025110321434172600_ref042","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Survey of AI painting","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025110321434172600_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3719664","article-title":"A review on edge large language models: design, execution, and applications","volume":"57","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025110321434172600_ref044","first-page":"12","article-title":"ChatGPT: a new industrial revolution","volume":"2023","author":"Zhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"East China Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025110321434172600_ref045","first-page":"170","article-title":"Visualisation analysis of big data analysis research literature based on CiteSpace","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information and Computer"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article-pdf\/49\/7\/1320\/10052925\/oir-01-2025-0049en.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article-pdf\/49\/7\/1320\/10052925\/oir-01-2025-0049en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T02:43:54Z","timestamp":1762224234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/49\/7\/1320\/1271770\/A-bibliometric-analysis-of-large-language-models"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/oir-01-2025-0049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527","1468-4535"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1468-4527"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-4535"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}