{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:34:42Z","timestamp":1787319282122,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OIR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to examine the validity of the gender affinity effect on social media throughout election campaigns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This paper examines the role of gender in political discourse, using citizens' conversations on Facebook in the days leading up to Israel's 2021 elections as its case study. The analysis measured the engagement generated by male and female politicians in citizens' publicly open Facebook discussions (N\u00a0=\u00a01875) using a trend-tracking software. The analysis uses\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests to examine differences in engagement between conversations about male versus female politicians and between posts written by male versus female authors. In addition, a two-way ANOVA analysis was conducted in an attempt to understand the shared impact of both the politicians' gender and posts authors' gender on the posts' engagement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study reveals that although more posts discuss male politicians, posts dealing with female politicians expressed significantly more support towards those politicians. The analysis also highlights that women tend to write more supportive posts and that most of their posts deal with female politicians. Furthermore, interaction effect analysis revealed that women's posts about female politicians generate more engagement in terms of likes, comments and number of participants than posts written by women that deal with male politicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings should encourage women politicians to run their campaigns via social media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study presents the first social media analysis for gender affinity effect and highlights the importance of the effect in online political communication studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Peer review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The peer review history for this article is available at:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/publons.com\/publon\/10.1108\/OIR-04-2022-0199\">https:\/\/publons.com\/publon\/10.1108\/OIR-04-2022-0199<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-04-2022-0199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T21:52:41Z","timestamp":1673646761000},"page":"1168-1189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The \u201cgender affinity effect\u201d behind female politicians' social media support: facebook civil talk during Israel's 2021 elections"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9501-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Samuel-Azran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8044-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moran","family":"Yarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2023101305442396900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123417000795","article-title":"Political leadership in the media: gender bias in leader stereotypes during campaign and routine times","volume":"50","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023101305442396900_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/108118001129172134","article-title":"Style over substance: newspaper coverage of Elizabeth Dole's presidential bid","volume":"6","year":"2001","journal-title":"Harvard International Journal of Press\/Politics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023101305442396900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/1554477X.2011.562077","article-title":"Punishment or reward? 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