{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T06:30:46Z","timestamp":1782628246460,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OIR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guided by the collective action theory, signaling theory and social identity approach, this study examines backing behavior by individuals who have created projects under CC licenses. Two motivational mechanisms were examined: (1) identification via common interests in the CC space; (2) resource signaling by other users via their diverse project creation experience, funding or commenting activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from Kickstarter.com. Exponential random graph modeling was used to examine how the two reviewed mechanisms influence the tie formation probability between Creative Commons (CC) project creators and other creators. The analysis was conducted on two subnetworks: one with ties between CC creators; and one with ties from CC creators to non-CC creators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that CC creators exhibit distinct backing patterns when considering funding other CC creators compared to non-CC users. When considering funding their peer CC creators, CC identity can help them allocate and support perceived in-group members; when considering funding non-CC creators, shared common interests in competitive project categories potentially triggers a competition mindset and makes them hold back when they see potential rivals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study makes three contributions. First, it draws from multiple theoretical frameworks to investigate unique motivations when crowdfunders take on dual roles of creators and funders and offered implications on how to manage competition and collaboration simultaneously. Second, with network analysis our study not only identifies multiple motivators at work for collective action, but also demonstrates their differential effects in crowdfunding. Third, the integration of multiple theoretical frameworks allows opportunities for theory building.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Peer review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The peer review history for this article is available at:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/publons.com\/publon\/10.1108\/OIR-05-2020-0166\">https:\/\/publons.com\/publon\/10.1108\/OIR-05-2020-0166<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-05-2020-0166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T21:32:12Z","timestamp":1656451932000},"page":"299-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Networking the commons: creative commons project creators funding patterns in crowdfunding"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7633-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Fulk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2023032817574491600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12157","article-title":"Signaling in equity crowdfunding","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023032817574491600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-10-2016-0292","article-title":"External supports in reward-based crowdfunding campaigns: a comparative study focused on cultural and creative projects","volume":"41","year":"2017","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"key":"key2023032817574491600_ref003","volume-title":"The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2023032817574491600_ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"The value of questions in organizing: reconceptualizing contributions to online public information goods","volume":"28","year":"2018","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023032817574491600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00340.x","article-title":"Reconceptualizing collective action in the contemporary media environment","volume":"15","year":"2005","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023032817574491600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2017.02.002","article-title":"Not just an ego-trip: exploring backers' motivation for funding in incentive-based crowdfunding","volume":"26","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Strategic Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023032817574491600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12271","article-title":"Serial crowdfunding, social capital, and project success","volume":"41","year":"2017","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"key":"key2023032817574491600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2015.02.001","article-title":"Does team competition increase pro-social lending? 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