{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:40:38Z","timestamp":1766086838444,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to explore the social value of information in virtual investment communities and compare its effects with objective information value. A model including information quality, social comparison, and herding orientation, and their effects on decision usefulness and member satisfaction, is proposed and tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online survey with a sample of 215 members of investment communities was conducted to test the proposed model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The opinion comparison orientation of members and information credibility are positively related to their perceived decision usefulness and satisfaction. Consistency is positively related to decision usefulness, but not to member satisfaction. Members' herding tendency moderates the effect of opinion comparison orientation on decision usefulness and the effect of ability comparison orientation on satisfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample is small and not random. The proportion of students in the sample seems to be higher than it should be among virtual investment community members.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investors should be careful regarding the social influences of their communities; the effects may not always be good for investment decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Social implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Virtual communities provide members with social comparison information, which may yield positive effects for members in inspiration, self\u2010improvement, and self\u2010enhancement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The virtual community can be a forum where people gain information regarding others to satisfy their needs for social comparison. Virtual communities provide special social value for their members, even for those who do not interact with others by posting in the communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/oir-06-2011-0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,14]],"date-time":"2013-08-14T12:16:27Z","timestamp":1376482587000},"page":"498-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The social and objective value of information in virtual investment communities"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rong\u2010An","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, V.L. (1965), \u201cSituational factors in conformity\u201d, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 2, pp. 133\u2010175.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60105-7"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ariely, D. and Levav, J. (2000), \u201cSequential choice in group setting: taking the road less travelled and less enjoyed\u201d, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 279\u2010290.","DOI":"10.1086\/317585"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b3","unstructured":"Asch, S.E. (1952), Social Psychology, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballou, D.P. and Pazer, H.L. (1987), \u201cCost\/quality tradeoffs for control procedures in information systems\u201d, OMEGA: International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 509\u2010521.","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0483(87)90009-0"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber, B.M. and Odean, T. (2002), \u201cOnline investors: do the slow die first?\u201d, The Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 455\u2010487.","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/15.2.455"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaulieu, P.R. (2001), \u201cThe effects of judgments of new clients' integrity upon risk judgments, audit evidence, and fees\u201d, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 20 No. 2, p. 8599.","DOI":"10.2308\/aud.2001.20.2.85"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, G.S. (1991), \u201cA note on restaurant pricing and other example of social influence on price\u201d, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 99 No. 5, pp. 1109\u20101116.","DOI":"10.1086\/261791"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bikhchandani, S., Hirshleifer, D. and Welch, I. (1998), \u201cLearning from the behavior of others: conformity, fads, and informational cascades\u201d, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 151\u2010170.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.12.3.151"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b9","unstructured":"Bovee, M.W. (2004), \u201cInformation quality: a conceptual framework and empirical validation\u201d, PhD dissertation, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b10","unstructured":"Brickman, P. and Bulman, R. (1977), \u201cPleasure and pain in social comparison\u201d, in Suls, J. and Miller, R. (Eds), Social Comparison Processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives, Hemisphere, Washington, DC, pp. 149\u2010186."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buunk, B.P. (1995), \u201cComparison direction and comparison dimension among disabled individuals: towards a refined conceptualization of social comparison under stress\u201d, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 316\u2010330.","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167295214002"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buunk, B.P. and Gibbons, F.X. (2007), \u201cSocial comparison: the end of a theory and the emergence of a field\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 102 No. 1, pp. 3\u201021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2006.09.007"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buunk, B.P., Schaufeli, W.B. and Ybema, J.F. (1994), \u201cBurnout, uncertainty, and the desire for social comparison among nurse\u201d, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 24 No. 19, pp. 1701\u20101718.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01570.x"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, K.W. and Li, S.Y. (2010), \u201cUnderstanding consumer\u2010to\u2010consumer interactions in virtual communities: the salience of reciprocity\u201d, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 63 Nos 9\u201010, pp. 1033\u20101040.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2008.08.009"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T.G., Shih, F.J. and Fan, Y.W. (2011), \u201cUnderstanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: an integration of expectancy disconfirmation and justice theories\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp. 134\u2010153.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521111113623"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLone, W.H. and McLean, E.R. (1992), \u201cInformation system success: the quest for the dependent variable\u201d, Information System Research, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 60\u201095.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.3.1.60"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis, A.R., Pootheri, S.K. and Natarajan, V.L. (1998), \u201cLessons from the early adopters of web groupware\u201d, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 65\u201086.","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1998.11518186"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deutsch, M. and Gerard, H.B. (1955), \u201cA study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment\u201d, Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, Vol. 51 No. 3, pp. 629\u2010636.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046408"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doll, W.J., Hendrickson, A. and Deng, X. (1998), \u201cUsing Davis's perceived usefulness and ease\u2010of\u2010use instruments for decision making: a confirmatory and multigroup invariance analysis\u201d, Decision Sciences, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 839\u2010869.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1998.tb00879.x"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donath, J. (2007), \u201cSignals in social supernets\u201d, Journal of Computer\u2010Mediated Communication, Vol. 13 No. 1, available at: http:\/\/jcmc.indiana.edu\/vol13\/issue1\/donath.html (accessed 4 December 2012).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00394.x"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b21","unstructured":"Festinger, L. (1953), \u201cAn analysis of compliant behaviour\u201d, in Sherif, M. and Wilson, M.O. (Eds), Group Relations at the Crossroads, Harper, New York, NY, pp. 232\u2010256."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Festinger, L. (1954), \u201cA theory of social comparison processes\u201d, Human Relations, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 117\u2010140.","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b23","unstructured":"Figallo, C. (1998), Hosting Web Communities: Building Relationships, Increasing Customer Loyalty, and Maintaining a Competitive Edge, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b24","unstructured":"Filipczak, B. (1998), \u201cTrainers on the net: a community of colleagues\u201d, Training, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 70\u201076."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furlong, M.S. (1989), \u201cAn electronic community for older adults: the Seniornet network\u201d, Journal of Communication, Vol. 39 No. 3, pp. 145\u2010153.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1989.tb01048.x"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbons, F.X. and Buunk, B.P. (1999), \u201cIndividual differences in social comparison: development of a scale of social comparison orientation\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 76 No. 1, pp. 129\u2010142.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.1.129"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbons, F.X., Lane, D.J., Gerrard, M., Reis\u2010Bergan, M., Lautrup, C.L., Pexa, N.A. and Blanton, H. (2002), \u201cComparison level preferences after performance: is downward comparison theory still useful?\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 83 No. 4, pp. 865\u2010880.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.4.865"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemphill, K.J. and Lehman, D.R. (1991), \u201cSocial comparisons and their affective consequences: the importance of comparison dimension and individual difference variables\u201d, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 372\u2010394.","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1991.10.4.372"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herring, S.C. (1996), \u201cTwo variants of an electronic message schema\u201d, in Herring, S.C. (Ed.), Computer\u2010mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross\u2010cultural Perspectives, John Benjamins, Philadelphia, MA, pp. 81\u2010106.","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.39.08her"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b30","unstructured":"Hiltz, S.R. (1984), Online Communities: A Case Study of the Office of the Future, Ablex, Norwood, NJ."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiltz, S.R. and Wellman, B. (1997), \u201cAsynchronous learning networks as a virtual classroom\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40 No. 9, pp. 44\u201049.","DOI":"10.1145\/260750.260764"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b32","unstructured":"House, J.S. (1981), Work Stress and Social Support, Addison\u2010Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, M.H., Chang, C.M. and Yen, C.H. (2011), \u201cExploring the antecedents of trust in virtual communities\u201d, Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 587\u2010601.","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2010.549513"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, M.H., Ju, T., Yen, C.H. and Chang, C.M. (2007), \u201cKnowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities: the relationship between trust, self\u2010efficacy, and outcome expectations\u201d, International Journal of Human\u2010Computer Studies, Vol. 65 No. 2, pp. 153\u2010169.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.09.003"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b35","unstructured":"Jones, S.G. (1995), \u201cUnderstanding community in the information age\u201d, in Jones, S.G. (Ed.), CyberSociety: Computer\u2010mediated Communication and Community, Sage, London, pp. 10\u201035."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahneman, D. and Miller, D.T. (1986), \u201cNorm theory: comparing reality to its alternatives\u201d, Psychology Review, Vol. 93 No. 2, pp. 136\u2010153.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.93.2.136"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelman, H.C. (1961), \u201cProcesses of opinion change\u201d, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 57\u201078.","DOI":"10.1086\/266996"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiesler, S., Siegel, J. and McGuire, T.W. (1984), \u201cSocial psychological aspects of computer\u2010mediated communication\u201d, American Psychologist, Vol. 39 No. 10, pp. 1123\u20101134.","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.39.10.1123"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K. and Nofsinger, J.R. (2005), \u201cInstitutional herding, business groups, and economics regimes: evidence from Japan\u201d, The Journal of Business, Vol. 78 No. 1, pp. 213\u2010242.","DOI":"10.1086\/426524"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lascu, D.N. and Zinkhan, G. (1999), \u201cConsumer conformity: review and applications for marketing theory and practice\u201d, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 1\u201012.","DOI":"10.1080\/10696679.1999.11501836"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lederer, A.L., Maupin, D.J., Sena, P.M. and Zhuang, Y. (2000), \u201cThe technology acceptance model and the world wide web\u201d, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 269\u2010282.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(00)00076-2"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lerman, A. (2010), \u201cIndividual investors' attention to accounting information: message board discussions\u201d, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 110\u2010118.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1540689"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. (2008), \u201cDeterminants of successful virtual communities: contributions from system characteristics and social factors\u201d, Information and Management, Vol. 45 No. 8, pp. 522\u2010527.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2008.08.002"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b44","unstructured":"Liu, G.Z. (1999), \u201cVirtual community presence in internet relay chatting\u201d, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, Vol. 5 No. 1, available at: www.ascusc.org\/jcmc\/vol5\/issue1\/liu.html (accessed 4 December 2012)."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lockwood, P. and Kunda, Z. (1997), \u201cSuperstars and me: predicting the impact of role models on the self\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 73 No. 1, pp. 91\u2010103.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.1.91"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majewski, G., Usoro, A. and Khan, I. (2011), \u201cKnowledge sharing in immersive virtual communities of practice\u201d, VINE, Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 41\u201062.","DOI":"10.1108\/03055721111115548"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b47","unstructured":"Mason, B. (1999) in Buckner, K. (Ed.), \u201cIssues in virtual ethnography\u201d, Ethnographic Studies in Real and Virtual Environments: Inhabited Information Spaces and Connected Communities, Proceedings of Esprit i3 Workshop on Ethnographic Studies, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh, pp. 61\u20109."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehrabian, A. and Stefl, C.A. (1995), \u201cBasic temperament components of loneliness, shyness, and conformity\u201d, Social Behavior and Personality, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 253\u2010264.","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.1995.23.3.253"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b49","unstructured":"Mickelson, K.D. (1997), \u201cSeeking social support: parents in electronic support groups\u201d, in Kiesler, S. (Ed.), Culture of the Internet, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 157\u2010178."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b50","unstructured":"Miller, A.J. (1996), \u201cRecent advances in California current modelling: decadal and interannual thermocline variations\u201d, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report, Vol. 37, pp. 69\u201079."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, C.M., McIntyre, S.H. and Mantrala, M.K. (1993), \u201cToward formalizing fashion theory\u201d, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 142\u2010157.","DOI":"10.1177\/002224379303000202"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millet, K. and Dewitte, S. (2007), \u201cAltruistic behavior as a costly signal of general intelligence\u201d, Journal of Research in Personality, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 316\u2010326.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.04.002"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.H., Konana, P., Gu, B., Kumar, A. and Raghunathan, R. (2010), Confirmation Bias, Overconfidence, and Investment Performance: Evidence from Stock Message Boards, McCombs Research Paper Series (IROM\u201007\u201010, McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, available at: http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1639470 (accessed 4 December 2012).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1639470"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelham, B.W. and Wachsmuth, J.O. (1995), \u201cThe waxing and waning of the social self: assimilation and contrast in social comparison\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 69 No. 5, pp. 825\u2010838.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.5.825"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b55","unstructured":"Petty, R.E. and Cacioppo, J.T. (1986), Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change, Springer\u2010Verlag, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pornpitakpan, C. (2004), \u201cThe persuasiveness of source credibility: a critical review of five decades evidence\u201d, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 243\u2010281.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02547.x"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preece, J., Nonnecke, B. and Andrews, D. (2004), \u201cThe top 5 reasons for lurking: improving community experiences for everyone\u201d, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 201\u2010223.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2003.10.015"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ridings, C., Gefen, D. and Arinze, B. (2002), \u201cSome antecedents and effects of trust in virtual communities\u201d, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 11 Nos 3\u20104, pp. 271\u2010295.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(02)00021-5"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ridings, C., Gefen, D. and Arinze, B. (2006), \u201cPsychological barriers: lurker and poster motivation and behaviour in online communities\u201d, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 18, pp. 329\u2010354.","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.01816"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, L., Bierbrauer, G. and Hoffman, S. (1976), \u201cThe role of attribution processes in conformity and dissent\u2013revising the Asch situation\u201d, American Psychologist, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 148\u2010157.","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.31.2.148"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b61","unstructured":"Scharler, M. (2009), \u201cThe internet is named most important source of investing information by individual investors and financial advisors in new survey\u201d, available at: www.forbesinc.com\/newsroom\/releases\/forbescom\/ForbesFinancialAdvisorIndInvestorSurv012609.pdf (accessed 17 February 2012)."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, K.N., Yu, A.Y. and Khalifa, M. (2010), \u201cKnowledge contribution in virtual communities: accounting for multiple dimensions of social presence through social identity\u201d, Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 337\u2010348.","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290903156622"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Y.C., Huang, C.Y., Chu, C.H. and Liao, H.C. (2010), \u201cVirtual community loyalty: an interpersonal\u2010interaction perspective\u201d, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 49\u201073.","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415150102"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b64","unstructured":"Smith, A.D. (1999), \u201cProblems of conflict management in virtual communities\u201d, in Smith, M.A. and Kollock, P. (Eds), Communities in Cyberspace, Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 134\u2010163."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, R.H. and Insko, C.A. (1987), \u201cSocial comparison choice during ability evaluation: the effects of comparison publicity, performance feedback, and self\u2010esteem\u201d, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 111\u2010122.","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167287131011"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b66","unstructured":"Sproull, L. and Faraj, S. (1997), \u201cAtheism, sex and databases: the net as a social technology\u201d, in Kiesler, S. (Ed.), Culture of the Internet, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 35\u201051."},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suls, J., Rene, M. and Wheeler, L. (2002), \u201cSocial comparison: why, with whom, and with what effect?\u201d, Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 159\u2010163.","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00191"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sussman, S.W. and Siegal, W.S. (2003), \u201cInformational influence in organizations: an integrated approach to knowledge adoption\u201d, Information Systems Research, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 47\u201065.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.1.47.14767"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, S.E. and Lobel, M. (1989), \u201cSocial comparison activity under threat: downward evaluation and upward contacts\u201d, Psychological Review, Vol. 96 No. 4, pp. 569\u2010575.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.569"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesser, A. and Collins, J.E. (1988), \u201cEmotion in social reflection and comparison situations: intuitive, systematic, and exploratory approaches\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 55 No. 5, pp. 695\u2010709.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.55.5.695"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thoits, P.A. (1982), \u201cConceptual, methodological, and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress\u201d, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 145\u2010159.","DOI":"10.2307\/2136511"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thrash, T.M. and Elliot, A.J. (2003), \u201cInspiration as a psychological construct\u201d, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 84 No. 4, pp. 871\u2010889.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.871"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R.Y., Storey, V.C. and Firth, C.P. (1995), \u201cA framework for analysis of data quality research\u201d, IEEE Transactions Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 623\u2010640.","DOI":"10.1109\/69.404034"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasko, M.M. and Faraj, S. (2000), \u201cIt is what one does: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice\u201d, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9 Nos 2\u20103, pp. 155\u2010173.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(00)00045-7"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wellman, B. (1996), \u201cFor a social network analysis of computer networks: a sociological perspective on collaborative work and virtual community\u201d in Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGCPR\/SIGMIS Conference on Computer Personnel Research, ACM, New York, pp. 1\u201011.","DOI":"10.1145\/238857.238860"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wellman, B., Salaff, J., Dimitrova, D., Garton, L., Gulia, M. and Haythornthwaite, C. (1996), \u201cComputer networks as social networks: collaborative work, telework, and virtual community\u201d, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 22, pp. 213\u2010238.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.22.1.213"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wheeler, L. (1966), \u201cMotivation as a determinant of upward comparison\u201d, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, Supplement, Vol. 1, pp. 27\u201031.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(66)90062-X"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wills, T.A. (1981), \u201cDownward comparison principles in social psychology\u201d, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 90 No. 2, pp. 245\u2010271.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.90.2.245"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, S.R. and Benner, L.A. (1971), \u201cThe effects of self\u2010esteem and situation upon comparison choices during ability evaluation\u201d, Sociometry, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 381\u2010397.","DOI":"10.2307\/2786205"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, J.V. (1989), \u201cTheory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes\u201d, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 106 No. 2, pp. 231\u2010248.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.106.2.231"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wylie, S. (2005), \u201cFund manager herding: a test of the accuracy of empirical results using UK data\u201d, Journal of Business, Vol. 78 No. 1, pp. 381\u2010404.","DOI":"10.1086\/426529"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ybema, J.F. and Buunk, B.P. (1993), \u201cAiming at the top? Upward social comparison of abilities after failure\u201d, European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 627\u2010645.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420230607"},{"key":"key2022031320073735200_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeelenberg, M., Beattie, J., van\u2002der\u2002Pligt, J. and de\u2002Vries, N.K. (1996), \u201cConsequences of regret aversion: effects of expected feedback on risky decision making\u201d, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 65 No. 2, pp. 148\u2010158.","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1996.0013"}],"container-title":["Online Information Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/OIR-06-2011-0087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/OIR-06-2011-0087\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/OIR-06-2011-0087\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:43:07Z","timestamp":1753396987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/oir\/article\/37\/4\/498-517\/313994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/OIR-06-2011-0087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/oir-06-2011-0087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1468-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]}}}