{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:28:28Z","timestamp":1754155708008,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to know the rate of loss of online citations used as references in scholarly journals. It also indented to recover the vanished online citations using Wayback Machine and also to calculate the half-life period of online citations. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The study selected three journals published by Emerald publication. All 389 articles published in these three scholarly journals were selected. A total of 15,211 citations were extracted of which 13,281 were print citations and only 1,930 were online citations. The online citations so extracted were then tested to determine whether they were active or missing on the Web. W3C Link Checker was used to check the existence of online citations. The online citations which got HTTP error message while testing for its accessibility were then entered in to the search box of the Wayback Machine to recover vanished online citations. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Study found that only 12.69 percent (1,930 out of 15,211) citations were online citations and the percentage of online citations varied from a low of 9.41 in the year 2011 to high of 17.52 in the year 2009. Another notable finding of the research was that 30.98 percent of online citations were not accessible (vanished) and remaining 69.02 percent of online citations were still accessible (active). The HTTP 404 error message \u2013 \u201cpage not found\u201d was the overwhelming message encountered and represented 62.98 percent of all HTTP error message. It was found that the Wayback Machine had archived only 48.33 percent of the vanished web pages, leaving 51.67 percent still unavailable. The half-life of online citations was increased from 5.40 years to 11.73 years after recovering the vanished online citations. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 This is a systematic and in-depth study on recovery of vanished online citations cited in journals articles spanning a period of five years. The findings of the study will be helpful to researchers, authors, publishers, and editorial staff to recover vanishing online citations using Wayback Machine.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/prog-07-2013-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T12:26:43Z","timestamp":1427372803000},"page":"205-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wayback machine: reincarnation to vanished online citations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"B T Sampath","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D","family":"Vinay Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.R.","family":"Prithviraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b1","unstructured":"Axel-Lute, P.\n                (1982), \u201cLegal citation form: theory and practice\u201d, \n                  Law Library Journal\n               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Information Science Management\n               , Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 57-75"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moosavi, A. Sadat.\n               , \n                  Moghaddam, A.I.\n               , and \n                  Tajeddini, O.\n                (2012), \u201cAccessibility of online resources cited in scholarly LIS journals: a study of emerald ISI-ranked journals\u201d, \n                  Aslib Proceedings\n               , Vol. 64 No. 2, pp. 178 -192.","DOI":"10.1108\/00012531211215196"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b21","unstructured":"Rumsey, M.\n                (2002), \u201cRunaway train: problems of permanence, accessibility, and stability in the use of web sources in law review citations\u201d, \n                  Law Library Journal\n               , Vol. 94, pp. 27-39."},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell, E.\n                and \n                  Kane, J.\n                (2008), \u201cThe missing link: assessing the reliability of internet citations in history journals\u201d, \n                  Technology and Culture\n               , Vol. 49 No. 2, pp. 420-429.","DOI":"10.1353\/tech.0.0028"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b23","unstructured":"Saberi, M.K.\n               , \n                  Moghaddam, A.I.\n                and \n                  Mohamadesmaeil, S.\n                (2011), \u201cWeb citations analysis of the JASSS: the first ten years\u201d, \n                  Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation\n               , Vol. 14 No. 4, p. 22."},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saberi, M.K.\n                and \n                  Abedi, H.\n                (2012), \u201cAccessibility and decay of web citations in five open access ISI journals\u201d, \n                  Internet Research\n               , Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 234-247.","DOI":"10.1108\/10662241211214584"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampath Kumar, B.T.\n                and \n                  Vinay Kumar, D.\n                (2013), \u201cHTTP 404-page (not) found: recovery of decayed URL citations\u201d, \n                  Journal of Informetrics\n               , Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 145-157.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2012.09.007"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sellitto, C.\n                (2005), \u201cThe impact of impermanent web-located citations: a study of 123 scholarly conference publications\u201d, \n                  Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology\n               , Vol. 56 No. 7, pp. 695-703.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20159"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b27","unstructured":"Significance level\n                (2014), available at: http:\/\/davidmlane.com\/hyperstat\/A72117.html (accessed November 29, 2014)."},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spinellis, D.\n                (2003), \u201cThe decay and failures of web references\u201d, \n                  Communications of the ACM\n               , Vol. 46 No. 1, pp. 71-78.","DOI":"10.1145\/602421.602422"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b29","unstructured":"Tajeddini, O.\n               , \n                  Azimi, A.\n               , \n                  Sadat-Moosavi, A.\n                and \n                  Moghaddam, H.S.\n                (2011), \u201cDeath of web citations: a serious alarm for authors\u201d, \n                  Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science\n               , Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 17-29."},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b30","unstructured":"Ticehurst, G.W.\n                and \n                  Veal, A.J.\n                (2000), \n                  Business Research Methods\n               , Frenchs Forest, Longman."},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyler, D.C.\n                and \n                  McNeil, B.\n                (2003), \u201cLibrarians and link rot: a comparative analysis with some methodological considerations\u201d, \n                  Portal: Libraries and the Academy\n               , Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 615-32.","DOI":"10.1353\/pla.2003.0098"},{"key":"key2020122423422137200_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veronin, M.A.\n                (2002), \u201cWhere are they now? 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