{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:14:58Z","timestamp":1754158498563,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJHCQA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to find out the participation rate of women in the utilization of screening methods to determine the relationship of sociodemographic health characteristics and breast cancer (BC) awareness with the utilization of screening methods. The authors\u2019 study aims to examine the relationship between women's belief and the utilization of screening methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in three health centers from December 13, 2016 to June 12, 2017. A questionnaire was constructed for data collection about sociodemographic characteristics, screening awareness and medical and health background variables. Additionally, BC awareness measure and champion health belief model scales were used to measure women's perceptiveness about BC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the awareness among 78.9% of women regarding clinical breast examination (CBE) as a screening method, only 9.5% women utilized it for screening. Due to prescription by physicians for diagnosis of BC, 23.6% women had done mammography at least once in their life. Having jobs and a good education significantly influenced the utilization of CBE as a screening method. The logistic regression analysis found that old age, family history of BC, good knowledge about BC, perceived susceptibility, low rate of perceived barriers to mammography and CBE predicted participation in screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enhancing knowledge about BC and screening, emphasizing the susceptibility to BC and the benefits of screening will help in better participation. Importance should be given to illiterate and unemployed women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijhcqa-08-2018-0203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T10:58:27Z","timestamp":1603796307000},"page":"389-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of screening methods utilization among Iraq\/Sulaimani women"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jamal K.","family":"Shakor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atiya K.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadgar H.","family":"Hama-karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020110209175999400_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2510-y","article-title":"Using the health belief model to predict breast self examination among Saudi women","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key2020110209175999400_ref002","first-page":"124","article-title":"Health beliefs as predictors of breast cancer screening behavior in a group of female employees in Shiraz","volume":"3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref003","first-page":"88","article-title":"Developing an instrument for understanding factors influencing compliance with mammography screening among Iranian women in metropolitan Tehran, Iran","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Asian social science"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref004","first-page":"835","article-title":"The effectiveness of breast health promotion counseling on breast cancer screening behaviors among female patients","volume":"11","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Science Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref005","article-title":"Iraqi initiative of a regional comparative breast cancer research project in the Middle East","volume":"2","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Biology and Research"},{"key":"key2020110209175999400_ref006","first-page":"78","article-title":"Promoting clinical breast examination as a screening tool for breast cancer in Iraq","volume":"27","year":"2014","journal-title":"National Journal of Nursing Specialties"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.1.281","article-title":"Breast cancer in Iraq, incidence trends from 2000-2009","volume":"15","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3212","article-title":"Validity and reliability assessment of health belief instruments for mammography screening in Greek asymptomatic women","volume":"22","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2638","article-title":"Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and early detection practices in United States-Mexico border Latinas","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"key":"key2020110209175999400_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4436","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in breast cancer","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref011","first-page":"599","article-title":"Do we need to maximise the breast cancer screening awareness?: Experience with an endogamous society with high fertility","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"issue":"9328","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09454-0","article-title":"Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease","volume":"360","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.736559","article-title":"Body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer: Impact on tumor histopatologic features, cancer subtypes and recurrence rate in pre and postmenopausal women","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020110209175999400_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014891216621","article-title":"Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk. 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