{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:35:52Z","timestamp":1762641352528,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to compare face\u2010to\u2010face versus online course delivery systems in the area of food consumption and to analyse the students' expectations and experiences. It aims to analyse the following dimensions: general expectations, learning organization and interactions in students' discourses. <jats:bold><jats:bold>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:bold><\/jats:bold> \u2013 The methodology adopted is of interpretative nature using semi\u2010structured qualitative interviews. An interview guide was designed taking into account the learning modalities (styles and strategies), materials and learning tools, teacher\u2010student interaction and peer interaction dimensions. The students of both courses were interviewed in the second semester of the curricular year of the respective MSc degrees. <jats:bold><jats:bold>Findings<\/jats:bold><\/jats:bold> \u2013 This study has shown that face\u2010to\u2010face and online students are equally satisfied with their courses revealing the same confirmed general expectations. Comments for both course delivery systems are the need for more laboratory and practical classes. Results from this study also indicated that face\u2010to\u2010face and online educations are effective training food consumer sciences students suggesting, however, that both systems should evolve to blended\u2010learning. <jats:bold><jats:bold>Practical implications<\/jats:bold><\/jats:bold> \u2013 Both course delivery systems (face\u2010to\u2010face and online) contributed to the competencies acquisition in Food Consumer Sciences. B\u2010learning appears as the natural convergence of students needs. <jats:bold><jats:bold>Originality\/value<\/jats:bold><\/jats:bold> \u2013 The online course results of the discourse analysis suggest the success developing a learning community pointing out the role of the online instructor and the course coordinator. The paper provided useful data and knowledge on which further research can be carried out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00070701011043781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,22]],"date-time":"2010-05-22T07:07:55Z","timestamp":1274512075000},"page":"544-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Food consumer science post\u2010graduate courses: comparison of face\u2010to\u2010face versus online delivery systems"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Pinto de Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Miguel Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ulisses","family":"Miranda Azeiteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Daniel","family":"Vaz de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b1","unstructured":"Aires, L., Azevedo, J., Gaspar, I. and Teixeira, A. (2007), Comunidades Virtuais de Aprendizagem e Identidades no Ensino Superior, Open University of Portugal, Lisbon, @prende.com (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbaugh, J.B. (2005), \u201cIs there an optimal design for on\u2010line MBA courses?\u201d, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 135\u201049.","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2005.17268561"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbaugh, J.B. and Duray, R. (2002), \u201cTechnological and structural characteristics, student learning and satisfaction with web\u2010based courses: an exploratory study of two on\u2010line MBA programs\u201d, Management Learning, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 331\u201047.","DOI":"10.1177\/1350507602333003"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b4","unstructured":"Bardin, L. (1977), An\u00e1lise de Conte\u00fado, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es 70, Lisbon (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b5","unstructured":"Caeiro, S., Costa, F.P., Moura, A.P., Martinho, A.P., Bacelar\u2010Nicolau, P., Ramos, M.R., Ara\u00fajo, J., Azeiteiro, U.M. and Rocio, V. (2008), \u201cNew challenges for e\u2010learning post\u2010graduation in exact and technological sciences\u201d, in Tait, A. and Sz\u00fccz, A. (Eds), New Learning Cultures: How Do We Learn? Where do We Learn?, European Distance and E\u2010Learning Network, Book of Abstracts Eden 2008 Annual Conference, 11\u201014 June, Lisbon, Portugal, European Distance and E\u2010learing Network, Lisbon, p. 146."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b6","unstructured":"CRE (2000), The Bologna Declaration on the European Space for Higher Education: An Explanation, The Confederation of EU Rectors' Conferences and the Association of European Universities (CRE), available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/education\/policies\/educ\/bologna\/bologna.pdf (accessed 28 August 2008)."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b7","unstructured":"Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (1994), \u201cIntroduction the discipline and practice of qualitative research\u201d, in Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds), Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, London, pp. 1\u201020."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b8","unstructured":"EC (2007), The Bologna Process: Towards the European Higher Education Area, European Commission, Geneva, available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/education\/policies\/educ\/bologna\/bologna_en.html (accessed 28 August 2008)."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b9","unstructured":"Fontana, A. and Frey, J.H. (1994), \u201cInterviewing the art of science\u201d, in Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds), Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, London, pp. 361\u201076."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friday, E., Friday\u2010Stroud, S.S., Green, A.L. and Hill, A.Y. (2006), \u201cA multi\u2010semester comparison of student performance between multiple traditional and online sections of two management courses\u201d, Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 66\u201081.","DOI":"10.21818\/001c.16698"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b11","unstructured":"Gynther, K. (2005), Blended learning: IT og l\u00e6ring i et teoretisk og praktisk perspektiv, Unge Pedagoger, Copenhagen."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, D.E. (2008), \u201cKnowledge transfer in online learning environments\u201d, Journal of Marketing Education, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 93\u2010105.","DOI":"10.1177\/0273475308317702"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hay, A., Peltier, J. and Drago, W. (2004), \u201cReflective learning and on\u2010line education: a comparison of traditional and on\u2010line MBA students\u201d, Strategic Change, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 169\u201082.","DOI":"10.1002\/jsc.680"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b14","unstructured":"INCM \u2013 Imprensa Nacional\u2010Casa da Moeda (2005), Lei no. 49\/2005, 30 de Agosto de 2005, DIARIO DA REPUBLICA \u2013 1a SERIE A no. 166, 30 August (in Portuguese), pp. 5122\u201038."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b15","unstructured":"INCM \u2013 Imprensa Nacional\u2010Casa da Moeda (2006), Decreto\u2010Lei no. 74\/2006, de 24 de Mar\u00e7o de 2006, DIARIO DA REPUBLICA \u2013 1a SERIE A no. 60, 24 March (in Portuguese), pp. 2242\u201057."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b16","unstructured":"Johnson, S.D., Aragon, S.R., Shaik, N. and Palma, R.H. (2000), \u201cComparative analysis of learner satisfaction and learning outcomes in online and face to face learning environments\u201d, Journal of Interactive Learning Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 29\u201049."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lapsley, R., Kulik, B., Moody, R. and Arbaugh, J.B. (2008), \u201cIs identical really identical? An investigation of equivalency theory and online learning\u201d, The Journal of Educators Online, Vol. 5 No. 1, available at: www.thejeo.com\/Archives\/Volume5Number1\/LapsleyetalPaper.pdf (accessed 28 August).","DOI":"10.9743\/JEO.2008.1.3"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b18","unstructured":"Lewis, L., Snow, K., Farris, E. and Levin, D. (1999), Distance Education at Postsecondary Education Institutions: 1997\u20101998 (NCES 2000\u2010013), National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education, Washington, DC."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b19","unstructured":"McFarland, D. and Hamilton, D. (2005), \u201cFactors affecting student performance and satisfaction, online versus traditional course delivery\u201d, Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol. 46 No. 2, pp. 25\u201032."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren, C.H. (2004), \u201cA comparison of student persistence and performance in online and classroom business statistics experiences\u201d, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, Vol. 2, pp. 1\u201010.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0011-7315.2004.00015.x"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b21","unstructured":"Moura, A.P., Azeiteiro, U.M. and Bacelar\u2010Nicolau, P. (2008), \u201cDistance learning for food consumption studies: the MSc in food consumption sciences\u201d, in Silva, C.L.M. and Pitta, P. (Eds), First International ISEKI_Food Conference, Bridging Training and Research Industry and the Wider Community, Book of Abstracts, Porto, 10\u201012 September, School of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, p. 49."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peltier, J.W., Schibrowsky, J.A. and Drago, W. (2007), \u201cThe interdependence of the factors influencing the perceived quality of the online learning experience: a causal model\u201d, Journal of Marketing Education, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 140\u201053.","DOI":"10.1177\/0273475307302016"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b23","unstructured":"Pereira, A., Mendes, A.Q., Morgado, L., Amarante, L. and Bidarra, J. (2007), Modelo Pedag\u00f3gico Virtual da Universidade Aberta: Para uma Universidade do Futuro, Open University of Portugal, Lisbon (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b25","unstructured":"Schleining, G., Ho, P. and Costa, R. (2007), \u201cEducation in food engineering, science, and technology\u201d, Food \u2013 New Option for the Industry, Delegate Manual of the EFFoST\/EHEDG Joint Conference, Practical Application of Research Results, Lisbon, 14\u201016 November (O38), Elsevier, Maryland Heights, MO."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanley, E.L., Thompson, C.A., Leuchner, L.A. and Zhao, Y. (2004), \u201cDistance education is as effective as traditional education when teaching food safety\u201d, Food Service Technology, Vol. 4, pp. 1\u20108.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-5740.2003.00071.x"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shohreh, A.K. and Keesling, G. (2000), \u201cDevelopment of a web\u2010based internet marketing course\u201d, Journal of Marketing Education, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 84\u20109.","DOI":"10.1177\/0273475300222002"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sitzmann, T., Kraiger, K., Stewart, D. and Wisher, R. (2006), \u201cThe comparative effectiveness of web\u2010based and classroom instructions: a meta\u2010analysis\u201d, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 623\u201064.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2006.00049.x"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b29","unstructured":"Swan, K. (2003), \u201cLearning effectiveness: what the research tells us\u201d, in Bourne, J. and Moore, J.C. (Eds), Elements of Quality Online Education: Practice and Direction, The Sloan Consortium, Needham, MA, pp. 13\u2010450."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b30","unstructured":"Swan, K. (2004), \u201cLearning online: a review of current research on issues of interface, teaching presence and learner characteristics\u201d, in Bourne, J. and Moore, J.C. (Eds), Elements of Quality Online Education: Into the Mainstream, The Sloan Consortium, Needham, MA, pp. 63\u201080."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b31","unstructured":"Thorne, K. (2003), Blended Learning: How to Integrate Online and Traditional Learning, Kogan Page, London."},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webb, H.W., Gill, G. and Poe, G. (2005), \u201cTeaching with the case method online: pure versus hybrid approaches\u201d, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, Vol. 3, pp. 223\u201050.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4609.2005.00068.x"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber, J.M. and Lennon, R. (2007), \u201cMulti\u2010course comparison of traditional versus web\u2010based course delivery systems\u201d, Journal of Educators Online, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 1\u201019.","DOI":"10.9743\/JEO.2007.2.2"},{"key":"key2022021420361856200_frg1","unstructured":"Pereira, A., Mendes, A.Q., Mota, J.C., Morgado, L. and Aires, L.L. (2003), \u201cContributos para uma pedag\u00f3gica do ensino online p\u00f3s\u2010graduado: proposta de um modelo\u201d, Discursos, S\u00e9rie Perspectivas em Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Vol. 1 (in Portuguese), pp. 39\u201053."}],"container-title":["British Food Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/00070701011043781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00070701011043781\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00070701011043781\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:42:37Z","timestamp":1753357357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/bfj\/article\/112\/5\/544-556\/64728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/00070701011043781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00070701011043781","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-070X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-070X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]}}}