{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T01:56:24Z","timestamp":1775181384102,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to investigate the scuffing load\u2010carrying capacity of three gear oils: a standard mineral lubricant containing extreme pressure and anti\u2010wear additives (M0) and two biodegradable saturated esters containing low toxicity additives (E1 and E2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four\u2010ball wear tests were performed, according to standard ASTM D4172. Results from the wear scar diameter and from ferrographic analysis of the test oil samples are presented and related to the lubricant properties. The physical, chemical and biodegradability properties of the lubricants are presented and compared.FZG gear scuffing tests were performed, according to standard DIN 51535, in order to evaluate the scuffing load\u2010carrying capacity of the two oils. Two reference tests were performed, A20\/16.6\/90 and A10\/16.6\/90.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Test results include scuffing load stage, maximum oil bath temperature, pinion weight loss and surface roughness measurement of the teeth flanks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper provides information on the scuffing load\u2010carrying capacity of three gear oils.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00368790810918695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,25]],"date-time":"2008-10-25T07:16:47Z","timestamp":1224919007000},"page":"299-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Influence of lubricant type in gear scuffing"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b1","unstructured":"ASTM International (2004), Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid (Four\u2010Ball Method) Designation: D4172\u201394 (Reapproved 2004), West Conshohocken, PA."},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b3","unstructured":"Castro, M.J. (2004), \u201cGripagem de engrenagens FZG lubrificadas com \u00f3leos base. Novos crit\u00e9rios de gripagem globais e locais\u201d, Tese de Doutoramento, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b2","unstructured":"Castro, J. and Seabra, J. (2005), \u201cPower dissipation \u2013 temperature scuffing criterion for FZG gears\u201d, paper presented at VDI\u2010Berichte 1904.2: VDI\u2010EKV International conference on gears, Munchen."},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b4","unstructured":"DIN 51354 (1990), parte 4, Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da capacidade de carga de \u00f3leos m\u00e9todo standard FZG A\/8.3\/90, Munich."},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6hn, B\u2010R. and Michaelis, K. (2004), \u201cInfluence of oil temperature on gear failures\u201d, Tribology International, Vol. 37, pp. 103\u20109.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-679X(03)00047-1"},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b6","unstructured":"Hunt, T. (1993), Handbook of Wear Debris Analysis and Particle Detection in Liquids, Elsevier, London."},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_b8","unstructured":"Winter, H. and Michaelis, K. (1985), \u201cFZG gear test rig \u2013 desciption and possibilities\u201d, paper presented at Coordinate European Council 2nd International Symposium on the Performance Evaluation of Automotive Fuels and Lubricants."},{"key":"key2022021320395599500_frd1","unstructured":"Klaus, L. and Gottfried, H. (2003), \u201cDesign for rolling contact fatigue\u201d, International Journal of Power Metallurgy, No. 39."}],"container-title":["Industrial Lubrication and Tribology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/00368790810918695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00368790810918695\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00368790810918695\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:58:36Z","timestamp":1753401516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ilt\/article\/60\/6\/299-308\/172149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/00368790810918695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00368790810918695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]]}}}