{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1754157540017,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4\/5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]],"date-time":"1999-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":933465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This essay sheds light on the problems arising from trade between asymmetric countries, particularly when associated with a different degree of power. At present, when the importance of external trade is clearly increasing and different countries of different size, wealth and stage of economic development establish even more extensive commercial links with one another, this raises fresh policy issues, but also theoretical challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/01443589910284958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T18:48:52Z","timestamp":1027882132000},"page":"412-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trade between asymmetrical democratic countries"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Ramos Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b1","unstructured":"Balabkins, N. (1973), \u201cSome hypotheses on small and underdeveloped countries\u201d, in Ziedonis, A. Jr, Taagepera, R. and Valgeme, M. (Eds), Problems of Minimations Baltic Perspectives, Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, Inc., San Jose, California, pp. 9\u201018."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b2","unstructured":"Becker, G.S. (1990), \u201cActually, small\u2010fry nations can do just fine\u201d, Business Week, October 1, p. 20."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b3","unstructured":"Frey, B. (1984), International Political Economics, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, viii\u2010183 pp."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b4","unstructured":"Golden, J.R. (1996), \u201cEconomics and national strategy: convergence, global networks, and cooperative competition\u201d, in Roberts, B. (Ed.), New Forces in the World Economy, A Washington Quarterly Reader, pp. 15\u201037."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helleiner, G.K. (1996), \u201cWhy small countries worry: neglected issues in current analyses of the benefits and costs for small countries of integrating with large ones\u201d, World Economy, Vol. 19 No. 6, November, pp. 759\u201063.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9701.1996.tb00710.x"},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschman, A.O. (1945), National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade, University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1980 ed., xxii\u2010172 pp.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520378179"},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschman, A.O. (1977), The Passions and the Interests \u2013 Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph, Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400848515"},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b8","unstructured":"Hirschman, A.O. (1984), L\u2019Economie comme Science Morale et Politique, Hautes Etudes, Gallimard\/Le Seuil, Paris, p. 111."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b9","unstructured":"Kant, I. (1784), Idee d\u2019une Histoire Universelle au Point de Vue Cosmopolite, Bordas (1998) (French edition), Paris, p. 190."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b10","unstructured":"Keynes, J.M. (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Collected Writings, Macmillan\/Cambridge University Press, 1983, xxxiv\u2010428 pp."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b11","unstructured":"Kindleberger, C.P. (1986), \u201cInternational public goods without international government\u201d, The American Economic Review, Vol. 76 No. 1, March, pp. 1\u201013."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b12","unstructured":"Maddison, A. (1995), L\u2019Economie Mondiale 1820\u20101992, OCDE, Paris, p. 274."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b13","unstructured":"O\u2019Byrne, S.K. (1996), \u201cEconomic justice and global trade: an analysis of the libertarian foundations of the free trade paradigm\u201d, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 55 No. 1, January, pp. 1\u201015."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b14","unstructured":"Schumpeter, J.A. (1919), Imperialisme et Classes Sociales, French edition (1984), Flammarion, Paris, p. 291."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b15","unstructured":"Sutherland, P. (1994), \u201cA new framework for international economic relations\u201d, The Irish Banking Review, Winter, pp. 31\u201041."},{"key":"key2022021319493831800_b16","unstructured":"Zecchini, S. 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