{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:49:26Z","timestamp":1762998566994,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laser milling is a recent process in mould making, providing several advantages over traditional mould making technologies by reducing manufacturing time, shortening the number of machining operations and avoiding expensive electrodes. This paper investigates the influence of the operating conditions on both the surface quality and material removal for two types of materials commonly used in mould making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laser scanning strategies and operating parameters like scanning speed and laser frequency and power were tested, regarding surface quality and material removal rate. The most representative parameter of the real surface quality, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>k<\/jats:sub>, the core roughness parameter, is used to characterise the surface finishing on all cavities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this research work suggest that it is possible to significantly reduce processing time by increasing the hatch spacing up to a value close to the laser beam spot diameter, without compromising surface quality. Lower pulse frequencies and laser power are more appropriate whenever surface quality is an issue. Higher material removal rates are achieved by increasing both the pulse frequency till an optimum value and laser power. The increase of scanning speed reduces the material removal rate by decreasing the overlap degree between individual laser pulses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The originality is to correlate the influence of the operating conditions of laser milling on both the surface quality and material removal for different types of materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/01445150610679777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T19:20:31Z","timestamp":1154028031000},"page":"227-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Laser micromachining for mould manufacturing: I. The influence of operating parameters"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paulo","family":"Bartolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Vasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Galo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b1","unstructured":"DIN EN ISO 13565\u20101 (1996a), Geometrical Product Specifications (Gps) \u2013 Surface Texture: Profile Method, Surfaces Having Stratified Functional Properties. Part 1: Filtering And General Measurement Conditions."},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b2","unstructured":"DIN EN ISO 13565\u20102 (1996b), Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) \u2013 Surface Texture: Profile Method. Surfaces Having Stratified Functional Properties. Part 2: Height Characterization Using the Linear Material Ratio Curve."},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaldos, A., Pieper, H.J., Wolf, E. and Krause, M. (2004), \u201cLaser machining in die making \u2013 a modern rapid tooling process\u201d, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155\/156, pp. 1815\u201020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.258"},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.T., Kim, B.C., Jeong, M.Y. and Lee, M.S. (2004), \u201cFabrication of a micro\u2010optical coupling structure by laser ablation\u201d, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 146, pp. 163\u20106.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2003.10.010"},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b5","unstructured":"Mummery, L. (1992), \u201cSurface texture analysis\u201d, The Handbook, Hommelwerke, Schwenningen."},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, D.T., Dimov, S.S., Ji, C., Petkov, P.V. and Dobrev, D. (2004), \u201cLaser milling as a \u2018rapid\u2019 micromanufacturing process\u201d, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Vol. 218, pp. 1\u20107.","DOI":"10.1243\/095440504772830156"},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b7","unstructured":"Vasco, J. (2006), \u201cMicrofabrication applied to the microinjection process\u201d, MSc thesis, University of Minho."},{"key":"key2022012220221564300_b8","unstructured":"Vasco, J., Andr\u00e9, N. and B\u00e1rtolo, P.J. (2005) in B\u00e1rtolo, P.J. et al. (Eds), Taylor&Francis, Abingdon, pp. 483\u201090."}],"container-title":["Assembly Automation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/01445150610679777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/01445150610679777\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/01445150610679777\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:59:44Z","timestamp":1753401584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ria\/article\/26\/3\/227-234\/4803"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mike","family":"Tao Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/01445150610679777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/01445150610679777","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-5154"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0144-5154"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]}}}