{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T23:40:51Z","timestamp":1768866051600,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]],"date-time":"2011-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology in order to improve inspections' diagnosis during fa\u00e7ades' service life through in\u2010service criteria. On\u2010site performance assessment and deciding on the maintenance of renders can only be improved if quantitative parameters are pre\u2010established at the design stage and monitored under service conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The methodology is based on a set of in\u2010service parameters inferred from visual observation and measurements and their methods of assessment (based on visual inspections, auxiliary techniques, in\u2010situ and laboratorial testing). These have been arrived at by inspecting the fa\u00e7ade rendering on 44 buildings (cement\u2010based renders), of different ages and types of degradation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper focuses on 23 proposed mechanical and physical\u2010chemical parameters that can complement the ones already established by standards or technical data, obtained in lab conditions, using standard specimens or small models. They are assessed by techniques that have been applied to renders or other fa\u00e7ade elements such as concrete or timber structures. The reliability of this in\u2010service performance assessment is discussed together with its potential as an aid to deciding on predictive maintenance action after an inspection's diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The originality of this approach stems from the fact that in\u2010service parameters derived from both laboratory and in\u2010situ measurements can improve understanding of the behaviour of fa\u00e7ade rendering, which is an important step in planning and monitoring maintenance. Two aspects are emphasised: the behaviour of materials\/systems is assessed in real conditions, and the subjectivity of in\u2010service diagnosis is reduced when more than one performance parameter is assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02630801111132812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,21]],"date-time":"2011-05-21T08:17:25Z","timestamp":1305965845000},"page":"133-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["On\u2010site performance assessment of rendering fa\u00e7ades for predictive maintenance"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Flores\u2010Colen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Manuel Cali\u00e7o Lopes de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vasco","family":"Peixoto de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b1","unstructured":"CEN (2003), EN 998\u20101 \u2013 Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry \u2013 Part 1: Rendering and Plastering Mortar, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew, M. and de Silva, N. (2004), \u201cFactorial method for performance assessment of building facades\u201d, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 130 No. 4, pp. 525\u201033.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:4(525)"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, V., Silva, L., Ferreira, V. and Labrincha, J. (2005), \u201cInfluence of the kneading water content in the behaviour of single\u2010coat mortars\u201d, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 35 No. 10, pp. 1900\u20108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2005.04.011"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b5","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I. (2009), \u201cMethodology for in\u2010service performance assessment of rendering fa\u00e7ades for predictive maintenance\u201d (in Portuguese), PhD thesis, IST, Lisbon."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I., de Brito, J. and de Freitas, V. (2006), \u201cExpedient in situ test techniques for predictive maintenance of rendered fa\u00e7ades'\u201d, Journal of Building Appraisal, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 142\u201056.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jba.2940047"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I., de Brito, J. and de Freitas, V. (2008a), \u201cStains in facades' rendering \u2013 diagnosis and maintenance techniques' classification\u201d, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 211\u201021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.023"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b9","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I., de Brito, J. and de Freitas, V. (2008b), \u201cCondition assessment of fa\u00e7ade rendering through in\u2010situ testing\u201d, 11th DBMC, Istanbul."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I., de Brito, J. and Branco, F.A. (2009a), \u201cIn situ adherence evaluation of coating materials\u201d, Experimental Techniques, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 51\u201060.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-1567.2008.00372.x"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I., de Brito, J. and de Freitas, V.P. (2009b), \u201cExpected render performance assessment based on impact resistance in situ determination\u201d, Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23 No. 9, pp. 2997\u20103004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2009.05.003"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores\u2010Colen, I., de Brito, J. and de Freitas, V.P. (2010), \u201cIn\u2010service parameters from fa\u00e7ade rendering mortars \u2013 Bulk density and open porosity determined from samples collected in situ\u201d, Structural Survey, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 17\u201027.","DOI":"10.1108\/02630801011040833"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b12","unstructured":"Freitas, V., Corvacho, H., S\u00e1, A. and Quintela, M. (2008), \u201cDiscussing the durability assessment of cement mortars \u2013 a contribution for a prediction model\u201d, 11th DBMC, Istanbul."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaspar, P. and de Brito, J. (2008), \u201cQuantifying environment effects on cement\u2010rendered facades: a comparison between different degradation indicators\u201d, Building and Environment, Vol. 43 No. 11, pp. 1818\u201028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.10.022"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b15","unstructured":"Hertlein, B. (1999), \u201cPredictive maintenance \u2013 what should be in a condition database\u201d, 8th DBMC, Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, pp. 1203\u201012."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b16","unstructured":"Hutcheon, N. (1963), CBD\u201048. Requirements for Exterior Walls, Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b20","unstructured":"ISO 2859\u20101 (1999), Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes \u2013 Part 1: Sampling Schemes Indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL), for Lot\u2010by\u2010lot Inspection, ISO 2859\u20101, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b19","unstructured":"ISO (2001), Buildings and Constructed Assets \u2013 Service Life Planning \u2013 Part 2: Service Life Prediction Procedures, ISO 15686\u20102, Vol. 15686\u20102, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b18","unstructured":"ISO 3951 (2005), Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Variables \u2013 Part 1: Specification for Single Sampling Plans Indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL), for Lot\u2010by\u2010lot Inspection for a Single Quality Characteristic and a Single AQL, ISO 3951\u20101, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b17","unstructured":"ISO 15686\u20107 (2006), Buildings and Constructed Assets \u2013 Service Life Planning \u2013 Part 7: Performance Evaluation for Feedback of Service Life Data from Practice, ISO 15686\u20107, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loy, H. and Coleman, P. (2006), \u201cA twenty\u2010first century approach to the condition surveying of building services systems\u201d, Journal of Building Appraisal, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 161\u201070.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jba.2940049"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b22","unstructured":"RICS (1997), Stock Condition Survey \u2013 A Guidance Note, RICS, London."},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shohet, I., Puterman, M. and Gilboa, E. (2002), \u201cDeterioration patterns of building cladding components for maintenance management\u201d, Construction and Economics, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 305\u201014.","DOI":"10.1080\/01446190210125563"},{"key":"key2022031119503362900_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Straub, A. 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