{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T06:10:46Z","timestamp":1759385446212,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]],"date-time":"2012-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to develop and test control methods for real\u2010time automatic presser\u2010foot force control in industrial sewing machines. In this work, a closed\u2010loop controller that controls presser\u2010foot maximum vertical displacement is presented and compared to existing solutions that adjust force depending on sewing speed. Automatic force control can reduce problems such as stitch irregularity, stitch distortions and material damage, besides making material handling easier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>An electromagnetic force actuator was integrated in an industrial lockstitch machine. A computer\u2010based control system was designed implementing either speed\u2010variable force control, closed\u2010loop control, or emulating a traditional constant\u2010force system. Maximum presser\u2010foot displacement values were measured and analysed in relevant sewing situations, and seam quality was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Constant\u2010force control does not allow optimal force setting at all speeds. Speed\u2010variable force control is an improvement, but requires empirical setting of the speed\u2010force relation, not always assuring optimal operation. Closed\u2010loop control adapts force to the requirement of each sewing situation more precisely. Sewing quality is good and material handling is eased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The actuator has to be optimised regarding response time and maximum force. Some aspects in the behaviour of the control system and actuator have to be further studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed control system enables the automatic setting and adaptation of force to all sewing situations, making material handling easier at low speeds without compromising feeding performance at high speed. The closed\u2010loop controller may be used as a teach\u2010in system for speed\u2010dependent control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first prototype of a closed\u2010loop control system for presser\u2010foot force on a lockstitch sewing machine and the first comparative study of control methods for presser\u2010foot force control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/09556221211194336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,25]],"date-time":"2012-02-25T07:10:00Z","timestamp":1330153800000},"page":"36-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Automatic presser\u2010foot force control for industrial sewing machines"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Helder","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020220254143700_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirbayat, J., Alagha, M. and Porat, I. 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