{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:43:22Z","timestamp":1777571002986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]],"date-time":"2011-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Welded components are often subjected to variable amplitude service loads, increasing the uncertainty of fatigue life due to material strength, notch geometries, defect content and residual stresses. In the case of friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys no data were found available concerning fatigue behaviour under variable amplitude loading. The purpose of this paper is to determine the fatigue strength of friction stir welds in AA6082\u2010T6 under constant and variable amplitude loading and analyse the validity of Miner's rule for these specific welding conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fatigue tests were carried out in a servo\u2010hydraulic testing machine using a stress ratio of R=0. Typified Gassner amplitude spectra were considered, using four shape exponent values. Microhardness tests were performed to characterize the Vickers hardness profile in the vicinity of the weld area. Relatively to the base material (BM), the FSW process leads to a decrease of the static mechanical properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detailed examination revealed a hardness decrease in the thermo\u2010mechanically affected zone and the nugget zone average hardness was found to be lower than the base alloy hardness. The comparison with data collected from the literature shows that FSW specimens present higher fatigue resistance than specimens welded by metal inert gas and tungsten inert gas processes. However, they still have lower fatigue lives than the BM. Using the equivalent stress calculated by Miner's rule, a good agreement was observed between constant and variable fatigue loading results. The characteristic curve obtained for friction stir welds is higher than the International Institute of Welding (IIW) fatigue class for fusion welds with full\u2010penetration both\u2010sided butt joints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>No data are available concerning fatigue behaviour under variable amplitude loading for friction stir welds of aluminium alloys. Furthermore, this paper analyses the fatigue strength of friction stir welds in AA6082\u2010T6 under constant and variable amplitude loading in order to verify the validity of Miner's rule for this specific welding process. A comparison between characteristic fatigue curves, using IIW fatigue classes (FAT), is also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17579861111135888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,28]],"date-time":"2011-05-28T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1306566558000},"page":"122-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Influence of spectrum loading on fatigue resistance of AA6082 friction stir welds"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"J.D.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.A.M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.P.","family":"Borrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b11","unstructured":"ASTM E739\u201091 (1991), \u201cStandard practice for statistical analysis of linear or linearized stress\u2010life (S\u2010N) and strain\u2010life (e\u2010N) fatigue data\u201d, E08.04, Book of Standards, Vol. 03.01, ASTM International, Wset Conshohocken, PA."},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borrego, L.P., Abreu, L.M., Costa, J.M. and Ferreira, J.M. (2004), \u201cAnalysis of low cycle fatigue in AlMgSi aluminium alloys\u201d, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 715\u201025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2003.09.003"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ericsson, M. and Sandstrom, R. (2003), \u201cInfluence of welding speed on the fatigue of friction stir welds, and comparison with MIG and TIG\u201d, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 25, pp. 1379\u201087.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-1123(03)00059-8"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b8","unstructured":"Eulitz, K.G. and Kotte, K.L. (2000), \u201cDamage accumulation \u2013 limitations and perspectives for fatigue life assessment\u201d, paper presented at the Materials Week and Materialica 2000, Frankfurt, 25\u201028 September, available at: www.materialsweek.org\/proceedings (accessed 6 October 2010)."},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heuler, P. and Klatschke, H. (2005), \u201cGeneration and use of standardized load spectra and load\u2010time histories\u201d, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 27 No. 8, pp. 974\u201090.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2004.09.012"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b12","unstructured":"Hobbacher, A. (2003), \u201cRecommendations for fatigue design of welded joints and components\u201d, International Institute of Welding, doc. XIII\u20101965\u201003\/XV\u20101127\u201003, Paris."},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi, Y., Sakuma, M., Tanaka, Y. and Matsuoka, K. (2007), \u201cFatigue strength of friction stir welding joints of aluminium alloy 6082 extruded shape\u201d, Welding International, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 18\u201024.","DOI":"10.1533\/wint.2007.3679"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanciotti, A. and Vitali, F. (2003), \u201cCharacterisation of friction stir welded joints in aluminium alloy 6082\u2010T6 plates\u201d, Welding International, Vol. 17 No. 8, pp. 624\u201030.","DOI":"10.1533\/wint.2003.3148"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miner, M.A. (1945), \u201cCumulative damage in fatigue\u201d, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 12, pp. A159\u201064.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4009458"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira, P.M.G.P., Jesus, A.M.P., Ribeiro, A.S. and Castro, P.M.S.T. (2007), \u201cAssessment of the fatigue behaviour of friction stir welded joints: aluminium alloy 6082\u2010T6\u201d, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 348\/349, pp. 209\u201012.","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.348-349.209"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira, P.M.G.P., Jesus, A.M.P., Ribeiro, A.S. and Castro, P.M.S.T. (2008), \u201cFatigue crack growth in friction stir welds of 6082\u2010T6 and 6061\u2010T6 aluminium alloys: a comparison\u201d, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 1\u201091.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tafmec.2008.07.007"},{"key":"key2022031419514152700_b1","unstructured":"Thomas, W.M., Nicholas, E.D., Needham, J.C., Much, M.G., Templesmith, P. and Dawes, C.J. (1991), \u201cFriction\u2010stir butt welding\u201d, GB Patent No. 9125978.8."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Structural Integrity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17579861111135888","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17579861111135888\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17579861111135888\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:46:50Z","timestamp":1753400810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijsi\/article\/2\/2\/122-134\/152366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17579861111135888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17579861111135888","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-9864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-9864","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]]}}}