{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:47:38Z","timestamp":1754156858028,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to analyse differences in sociodemographic and sporting characteristics, health-behaviours, and food intake of athletes using and not using nutritional supplements (NS). <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 High-performance Portuguese athletes from 13 sports completed a NS usage questionnaire, assessing information on sociodemographic (sex, age, height, weight, athlete\u2019s, and parental education level), health-related (smoking, daily time of sleeping, walking, and sitting), and sporting (type, number of international performances, weekly hours of training and weekly hours of gym) characteristics; and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (86 items), regarding the previous 12 months. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 From the 241 athletes (66 per cent males, 13-37 years), 64 per cent reported NS use. Supplement usage was associated with age \ue2f618 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.57, 95 per cent; confidence interval (CI) 1.17-5.65), performing individual sports (OR 5.45, 95 per cent; CI 2.49-11.93) and \n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t2\u2009h\u2009gym\/week (OR 2.42, 95 per cent; CI 1.15-5.11), a higher consumption of meat (OR 2.83, 95 per cent; CI 1.36-5.90), eggs (OR 2.53, 95 per cent; CI 1.07-5.96), and yogurt (OR 2.24, 95 per cent; CI 1.08-4.62), and a lower intake of processed meat (OR 0.32, 95 per cent; CI 0.15-0.72), vegetable oils (OR 0.35, 95 per cent; CI 0.17-0.74), margarine (OR 0.37, 95 per cent; CI 0.18-0.76), chips (OR 0.22, 95 per cent; CI 0.10-0.48), and fast food (OR 0.42, 95 per cent; CI 0.19-0.91). <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 Athletes using NS had different characteristics from non-users, and seemed to have healthier and more sports-oriented food choices. Our findings may help sport and health professionals to identify an alleged or future NS user, enabling the development of a timely and self-directed supplement scheme.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bfj-03-2015-0088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T03:53:31Z","timestamp":1450065211000},"page":"26-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nutritional supplement-usage associated characteristics of high-performing athletes"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor Hugo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121822510224500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abreu, S.\n , \n Moreira, P.\n , \n Moreira, C.\n , \n Mota, J.\n , \n Moreira-Silva, I.\n , \n Santos, P.-C.\n and \n Santos, R.\n (2014), \u201cIntake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents\u201d, \n Nutrition Research\n , Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 48-57.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.10.008"},{"key":"key2020121822510224500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, M.S.\n , \n Greenlees, I.\n and \n Jones, M.\n (2011), \u201cAn investigation of the five-factor model of personality and coping behaviour in sport\u201d, \n Journal of Sports Sciences\n , Vol. 29 No. 8, pp. 841-850.","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.565064"},{"key":"key2020121822510224500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beitz, 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