{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:59:36Z","timestamp":1773107976619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BFJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Over the last two decades, the concept of destination imagery (DY) has gained relevance in the academic literature due to its central role in the tourists\u2019 destination choice process. However, there is still much to be explored within this topic, especially concerning DY processing. More specifically, the way external stimuli are processed in tourists\u2019 memory is still unexplored. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to examine how DY is processed in individuals\u2019 memories upon the reception of verbal stimuli related to food tourism destinations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Through an online multilingual survey, imagery elements associated with European and Asian tourists\u2019 favourite food tourism destinations were collected. Through a categorical content analysis, tourists\u2019 perceptions were classified within Echtner and Ritchie\u2019s (1993) tri-dimensional model\u2019s dimensions. Results were examined against previous theories on DY. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the imagery of food tourism destinations held by Europeans and Asians tourists was carried out.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results show that DY processing, when triggered by a food tourism destination stimulus, leans towards the holistic dimension, which reinforces previous theories on the topic, such as the very definition of destination image (DI), as well as the role of food on destination image. Moreover, differences were found between the type of destinations and the imagery processed by European and Asian tourists.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study is based on a significant data set, which comprised 1,186 responses, representativeness within the research universe cannot be assured. Although relatively equivalent volumes of data were collected from each of the two continents, there are significant discrepancies among the proportions of respondents from different countries within those two groups. Additionally, our theoretical model requires further validation through hypothesis verification procedures. This work builds theory, rather than testing it. In this context, it opens a research avenue for future studies adopting a more positivistic philosophical stance to research, which could submit the theories provided here to the scrutiny of rigorous, hypothesis testing, quantitative methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper provides an initial idea for destination managers about which aspects to highlight in their marketing campaigns. This particularly applies to destinations to which ethnic food is a relevant part of the tourist appeal, and whose managers intend to attract repeat visitors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study\u2019s findings imply a series of suggestions for tourism practitioners. First, they provide an initial idea for destination managers about which aspects to highlight in their marketing campaigns.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study represents a first initiative of building a theoretical model of food tourism destinations\u2019 imagery processing. Findings also provide original theoretical contributions to the concept of DY and lead to relevant managerial insights, particularly, into destinations aiming at attracting repeat, food-oriented tourists.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bfj-08-2018-0557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T05:52:35Z","timestamp":1557985955000},"page":"1833-1847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Food tourism destinations\u2019 imagery processing model"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00edlia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Ara\u00fajo Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Filipe","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020052207381885500_ref001","volume-title":"An\u00e1lise de Conte\u00fado","year":"2000"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020052207381885500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2003.06.004","article-title":"Tourists\u2019 characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destinations: a quantitative analysis \u2013 a case study of Lanzarote, Spain","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"key2020052207381885500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2018.11.001","article-title":"A destination imagery processing model: structural differences between dream and favourite destinations","volume":"74","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020052207381885500_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2010.03.007","article-title":"Food preferences of Chinese tourists","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020052207381885500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2004.02.003","article-title":"Food in tourism \u2013 attraction and impediment","volume":"31","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"key2020052207381885500_ref006","unstructured":"Corigliano, M.A. (2002), \u201cThe route to quality: Italian gastronomy networks in operation\u201d, in Hjalager, A.M. and Richards, G. 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