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Environmental performance improves asset efficiency but negatively affects short-term market perception and shows no significant link with income generation. Social performance supports asset use but is negatively associated with earnings and long-term value, suggesting trade-offs between stakeholder engagement and financial results. Governance has the most consistent positive impact, while environmental and social factors show mixed effects. Board cultural diversity is associated with better internal financial indicators but lower market valuations, possibly due to coordination challenges or investor scepticism. A higher share of women on boards correlates with improved managerial efficiency and long-term value creation. Larger boards are linked to reduced operational performance and lower market valuation, indicating diminishing returns to size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study extends the literature by analysing ESG and board diversity within a regulatory setting shaped by gender quotas and ESG pressures. It highlights asymmetries in ESG effects and governance dynamics affecting performance, investor perception and long-term value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bij-01-2025-0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T10:28:51Z","timestamp":1757327331000},"page":"3468-3491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unlocking performance potential in Iberian companies: ESG components and board diversity dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6419-679X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Guedes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GOVCOPP DGEIT, , ,","place":["Aveiro, Portugal"]},{"name":"Statistics Portugal , ,","place":["Lisboa, Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6250-1113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Elisabete","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Business School, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra , ,","place":["Coimbra, Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-368X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisabete S.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GOVCOPP , ,","place":["Aveiro, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111801334898800_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.140517","article-title":"ESG disclosures and corporate performance: a non-linear and disaggregated approach","volume":"437","author":"Agarwala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025111801334898800_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124785","article-title":"Firm size and the business model for sustainable innovation","volume":"10","author":"Aguilar-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111801334898800_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.2586","article-title":"Does corporate social responsibility mediate the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance? 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