{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:40:30Z","timestamp":1768876830078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CCIJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to understand challenges and constraints in reaching top leadership positions for women in the Portuguese press. Specifically, it aims at characterizing their communication and leadership styles, and at identifying main gender biases in newsrooms routines from their point of view.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A qualitative method was employed by conducting in-depth interviews with four women who have held higher management positions in Portuguese leading newspapers. Participants were asked to characterize their communication and leadership style, but also newsrooms environment, trying to understand how gender asymmetries persist and manifest. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>While considering that Portuguese newsrooms are no longer environments marked by a sexist\/macho environment, through increasing female participation, women still represent a minority in leadership. Leadership traits linked to male styles, including assertiveness and courage, were revealed, though mixed with a more participative\/relational leadership. Also, female leaders regret when emotional ties with teams are not developed and recognized some degree of privilege towards other women through family support or not having children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a limited number of interviews, although they represent the few top women leaders in Portuguese journalism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Policymaking recommendations derived from conclusions include participative leadership, implementing quotas, and monitoring tools of gender biases and special training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Media literacy policies and open debates on main media outlets concerning female leadership and communication styles may contributes toward the acknowledgement of lingering gender biases in the industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study contributes to a fuller insight into the identification of leadership and personal traits among women who managed to disrupt stigmas and break barriers. Their voices are seldom heard in studies focusing leadership, so results enable ascertaining whether there is a female way of leading in journalism and comprehending the sense of privilege these women perceive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ccij-01-2023-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T04:54:14Z","timestamp":1688619254000},"page":"84-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Female journalists who have reached the top: perceptions on communication, leadership, and gender bias in the Portuguese press"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0325-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Joao","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"L\u00facio Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/089124390004002002","article-title":"Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: a theory of gendered organizations","volume":"4","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gender and Society"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acker, J. (2006), \u201cGender and organizations\u201d, in Chafetz, J.S. (Ed.), Handboof of the Sociology of Gender, Springer, pp.\u00a0177-194, available at: https:\/\/othersociologist.com\/sociology-of-gender\/","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-36218-5_9"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soctra.2009.03.004","article-title":"From glass ceiling to inequality regimes","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociologie Du Travail"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref004","unstructured":"Allan, S. (1998), \u201cGendering the thuth politics of news discourse\u201d, in Carter, C., Branston, G. and Allan, S. (Eds), En News, Gender and Power, Routledge."},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref005","first-page":"157","article-title":"PORTUGAL \u2013 practice what you preach: deconstructing gender equality in Portuguese media","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palcomms.2017.9","article-title":"Stories of women at the top: narratives and counternarratives of women's (non-)representation in executive leadership","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palgrave Communications"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berkowitz, D.A. (2009), \u201cReporters and their sources\u201d, in Wahl-Jorgensen, K. and Hanitzsch, T. (Eds), The Handbook of Journalism Studies, Routledge, pp.\u00a0102-115, doi: 10.5860\/choice.43-1254.","DOI":"10.5860\/CHOICE.43-1254"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref008","volume-title":"Gender and Newsroom Cultures","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref009","volume-title":"Social Research Methods","year":"2012","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byerly, C.M. (2013), \u201cFactors affecting the status of women journalists: a structural anlysis\u201d, in Byerly, C.M. (Ed.), The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism, pp.\u00a011-26.","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137273246_2"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref011","unstructured":"Byerly, C.M. and McGraw, A. (2020), \u201cAxes of Power: examining women's access to leadership positions in the news media\u201d, in Djerf-Pierre, M. and Edstrom, M. (Eds), Comparing Gender and Media Equality across the Globe, GEM. Nordicom, available at: https:\/\/www.gu.se\/en\/research\/comparing-gender-and-media-equality"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Women and Media: A Critical Introduction","year":"2006","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-6686-2.ch002"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Theorizing Gender-And-Organization","year":"2013","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199658213.013.025"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1086\/427525","article-title":"Change among the gatekeepers: men, masculinities, and gender equality in the global arena","volume":"30","year":"2005","journal-title":"Signs"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref015","article-title":"Jornalistas e Condi\u00e7\u00f5es Laborais: Retrato de uma Profiss\u00e3o em Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"45","year":"2017","journal-title":"Relat\u00f3rios Obercom"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/1350506817729856","article-title":"Gender as a multi-layered issue in journalism: a multi-method approach to studying barriers sustaining gender inequality in Belgian newsrooms","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Women\u2019s Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884905054061","article-title":"Lonely at the top: gendered media elites in Sweden","volume":"6","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2011.537026","article-title":"The difference engine: gender equality, journalism and the good society","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Feminist Media Studies"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref019","volume-title":"Comparing Gender and Media Equality across the Globe","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref020","volume-title":"Throught the Labyrinth the Truth about How Woman Become Leaders","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2021.1881984","article-title":"The \u201cProQuote\u201d Initiative: Women Journalists in Germany Push to Revolutionize Newsroom Leadership","volume-title":"Feminist Media Studies","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref022","unstructured":"Gallagher, M. (1987), \u201cIntroduction\u201d, Woman and Media Decision Making: The Invisible Barriers, Unesco, pp.\u00a011-15."},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref023","article-title":"Gender setting : new agendas for media monitoring and advocacy","year":"2001"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref024","unstructured":"Gallagher, M. (2014), \u201cMedia and the representation of gender\u201d, in Carter, C., Steiner, L. and McLaughin, L. (Eds), The Routledge Companion to Media and Gender, No.\u00a013859, Routledge, pp.\u00a03-31."},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref025","volume-title":"Gender and the Media","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2016.1193293","article-title":"Post-postfeminism?: new feminist visibilities in postfeminist times","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"Feminist Media Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref027","first-page":"742","article-title":"Board gender diversity and women in leadership positions \u2013 are quotas the solution?","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Corporate Communications: An International Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2020.1755344","article-title":"Curbing journalistic gender bias: how activating awareness of gender bias in Indian journalists affects their reporting","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journalism Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref071","first-page":"522","article-title":"What is an equitable target percentage for women on corporate boards?","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Corporate Communications: An International Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2015.1111161","article-title":"Journalism, we are all men\u201d: material voices in the production of gender meanings","volume":"18","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journalism Studies"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref030","volume-title":"Who Makes the News GMMP 2015","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref031","article-title":"Who makes the news","year":"2020","journal-title":"6th Global Media Monitoring Project"},{"issue":"26","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20287\/ec.n26.v1.a01","article-title":"As jornalistas de desporto em Portugal: minorit rias e com pouco poder","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Estudos Em Comunicac\u00e3o"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119429128.iegmc212","article-title":"Gender, race, and the news: enduring bias","year":"2020","journal-title":"The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref034","volume-title":"Language, Gender and Feminism - Theory, Methodology and Practice","year":"2011"},{"issue":"17","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref035","first-page":"27","article-title":"Contributos para o Estudo sobre a Feminiza\u00e7\u00e3o do Jornalismo Portugu\u00eas","volume":"30","year":"2017","journal-title":"Media and Jornalismo"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17512780903119693","article-title":"\u2018Thinkings\u2019 and \u2018doings\u2019 of gender: gendering processes in Swedish television news production","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journalism Practice"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878x0913200103","article-title":"Blokey newsroom culture","volume":"132","year":"2009","journal-title":"Media International Australia"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884914560306","article-title":"Still a \u2018blokes club\u2019: the motherhood dilemma in journalism","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2017.1300593","article-title":"Feminine or feminist? Women's media leadership","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Feminist Media Studies"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paterson, R. and Vincent-Akpu, I.F. (2021), \u201cImpostor syndrome with women in science\u201d, Science by Women: Stories from Careers in STEM, Springer International Publishing, pp.\u00a083-98.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83032-8_7"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1108\/CCIJ-04-2021-0042","article-title":"Gender-biased office culture in Croatian PR industry: why feminine sectors practice masculine patterns?","volume":"26","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corporate Communications: An International Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1108\/09534811111144629","article-title":"Fifty years later: mid\u2010career women of color against the glass ceiling in communications organizations","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Change Management"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosener, J.B. (2011), \u201cWays woman lead\u201d, in Werhane, P.H. and Painter-Morland, M. (Eds), Leadership, Gender, and Organization, Springer, pp.\u00a019-29.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9014-0_3"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/14616700120086404","article-title":"Women at work: journalism as en-gendered practice","volume":"2","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journalism Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884907078659","article-title":"The journalist, the housewife, the citizen and the press: women and men as sources in local news narratives","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, K. and Carter, C. (2011), \u201cWomen and news: a long and winding road\u201d, Media, Culture and Society, doi: 10.1177\/0163443711418272.","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443711418272"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.5465\/AMR.2007.24351856","article-title":"The glass cliff: exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions","volume":"32","year":"2007","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"May","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2018.1465445","article-title":"\u2018Challenging it softly\u2019: a feminist inquiry into gender in the news media context","volume":"0777","year":"2018","journal-title":"Feminist Media Studies"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref049","first-page":"43","article-title":"Media and gender stereotyping: the need for media literacy","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Research Journal of Social Sciences"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.15195\/v6.a20","article-title":"A large-scale test of gender bias in the media","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sociological Science"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref051","first-page":"31","article-title":"As mulheres tentam compensar. O verbo compensar \u00e9 terr\u00edvel, n\u00e3o \u00e9?. G\u00e9nero e Jornalismo em tempos de mudan\u00e7a","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ex Aequo"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2023.2200581","article-title":"Observing gender in the newsroom: insights from an ethnographic study","year":"2023","journal-title":"Feminist Media Studies, (apr)"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis and recommendations for newsroom leaders gender equity in the news media","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skeggs, B. (2001), \u201cFeminist ethnography\u201d, in Atkinson, P., Coffey, A., Delamont, S., Lofland, J. and Lofland, L. (Eds), Handbook of Ethnography, Sage, pp.\u00a0426-442.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608337.n29"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/15358593.2012.666559","article-title":"Failed theories: explaining gender difference in journalism","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Review of Communication"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref056","unstructured":"Steiner, L. (2014), \u201cGlassy architectures in journalism\u201d, in Carter, C., Steiner, L. and McLaughlin, L. (Eds), The Routledge Companion to Media and Gender, Routledge, pp.\u00a0620-631."},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref057","unstructured":"Subtil, F. (2009), \u201cAnota\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o processo de feminiza\u00e7\u00e3o da profiss\u00e3o de jornalista na d\u00e9cada de 1990\u201d, in Garcia, J.L. (Ed.), Estudos Sobre os Jornalistas Portugueses - Metamorfoses e encruzilhadas no limiar do s\u00e9culo XXI, 1a, Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, pp.\u00a093-108."},{"issue":"30","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.14195\/2183-5462_30_3","article-title":"Planos de Igualdade de G\u00e9nero nos Media: Para uma (Re)Considera\u00e7\u00e3o do Caso Portugu\u00eas","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Media & Jornalismo"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref059","unstructured":"Subtil, F. and Silveirinha, M.J. (2021), \u201cProfissionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e Desprofissionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o das Jornalistas em Portugal: Uma Revisita\u00e7\u00e3o em Tempos de Pandemia\u201d, in Os tr\u00eas \u201cD\u201d dos media desigualdade, desprofissionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o, pp.\u00a065-79."},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1108\/GM-06-2015-0053","article-title":"She's homely, beautiful and then, hardworking! Critiquing the representation of women leaders and managers in the Nigerian press","volume":"31","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gender in Management: An International Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1108\/ER-03-2020-0126","article-title":"It's something that you should go to HR about\u2019 \u2013 banter, social interactions and career barriers for women in the advertising industry in England","volume":"43","year":"2021","journal-title":"Employee Relations: The International Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1108\/JCOM-11-2019-0143","article-title":"Women in public relations (1982\u20132019)","volume":"24","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Management"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref063","volume-title":"Igualdade de G\u00e9nero ao Longo da Vida","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuchman, G. (1979), \u201cWomen's depiction by the mass media\u201d, Source: Signs, Spring, Vol.\u00a04 No.\u00a03, available at: https:\/\/about.jstor.org\/terms","DOI":"10.1086\/493636"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhl-Bien, M. (2011), \u201cRelational leadership and gender: from hierarchy to relationality\u201d, in Werhane, P. and Painter-Morland, M. (Eds), Leadership, Gender, and Organization, Springer Netherlands, pp.\u00a065-74, doi: 10.1007\/978-90-481-9014-0_6.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9014-0_6"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1108\/CCIJ-06-2021-0063","article-title":"Sports Media professionals reflect on racial stereotypes and ethnic diversity in the organization","volume":"26","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corporate Communications: An\u00a0International Journal"},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref067","unstructured":"Van Zoonen, L. (1998), \u201cOne of the girls?: the changing gender of journalism\u201d, in Carter, C., Branston, G. and Allan, S. (Eds), News, Gender and Power, Routledge, pp.\u00a033-46."},{"key":"key2023120706200172500_ref068","volume-title":"As Primeiras Mulheres Rep\u00f3rteres - Portugal nos Anos 60 e 70","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2017.1318155","article-title":"A role (in)congruity study on Vietnamese journalists' perception of female and male leadership","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023120706200172500_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1108\/CCIJ-04-2022-0047","article-title":"Female leadership in communication management in Spain: making a difference in a sexist culture","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Corporate Communications: An International Journal"}],"container-title":["Corporate Communications: An International Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/CCIJ-01-2023-0004\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/CCIJ-01-2023-0004\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:20:42Z","timestamp":1753399242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ccij\/article\/28\/7\/84-100\/68899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/CCIJ-01-2023-0004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ccij-01-2023-0004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-3289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-3289","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]}}}