{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:17:24Z","timestamp":1754158644932,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]],"date-time":"2016-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 When a numerous amount of buildings was built in reinforced concrete, in a period when the regulations did not have the design philosophy for the occurrence of earthquakes, it is of extreme importance to carry out full and effective structural assessments, specially considering and comparing bare frame and infilled structure. The paper aims to discuss these issues. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Among several possibilities to make the evaluation as, simplified, linear analysis and static non-linear analysis, the non-linear dynamic can provide the most accurate numerical behaviour compared to the real one. The time-history non-linear analyses are developed on the software SeismoStruct for different levels of intensity. Local verifications are then applied separately from both Eurocode and Italian Code. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The application of validated models for the analysis of real buildings allows a complete seismic assessment. The level of uncertainty increases integrating particularities regarding the infill masonry walls. The paper shows important global and local seismic safety for these complex typology of buildings. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 A representative common concrete structure without seismic provisions is first analysed and discussed in terms of global behaviour, deformations and progression of forces. The case study structure is considered both as bare structure and with integrated infill panels. It is also discussed in a local level, about brittle and ductile mechanisms, and extra comparisons between different interpretations of different standards. The case study structure is considered both as bare structure and with integrated infill panels.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ec-06-2014-0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T19:04:22Z","timestamp":1463857462000},"page":"1282-1307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seismic assessment of low ductile RC structures: buildings from before the modern seismic codes"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Dias-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Varum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b1","unstructured":"Carvalho, E.C.\n               , \n                  Coelho, E.\n                and \n                  Campos-Costa, A.\n                (1999), \u201cPreparation of the full-scale tests on reinforced concrete frames. Characteristics of the test specimens, materials and testing conditions\u201d, technical report, Innovative Seismic Design Concepts for New and Existing Structures, European TMR Network, LNEC, Lisbon."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b2","unstructured":"CEN\n                (2003), \n                  Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance \u2212 Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings\n               , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b3","unstructured":"CEN\n                (2004), \n                  Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures \u2212 Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings\n               , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b4","unstructured":"CEN\n                (2005), \n                  Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance \u2212 Part 1-3: Strengthening and Repair of Buildings\n               , 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\u201cRegulamento de solicita\u00e7\u00f5es em edificios e pontes\u201d, Decreto-Lei N. 44041, Imprensa Nacional, Casa da Moeda, Lisbon."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b24","unstructured":"SEAOC\n                (2005), \n                  Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings. Part 2: Conceptual Framework\n               , Vision 2000 Committee, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, CA."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b25","unstructured":"SeismoSoft\n                (2012), \u201cSeismoStruct (Version 100) \u2212 a computer programme for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures\u201d, help documentation of the program, available at: www.seismosoft.com\/ (accessed June 2014)."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b26","unstructured":"Silva, V.\n                (2013), \u201cDevelopment of open models and tools for seismic risk assessment: application to Portugal\u201d, PhD thesis in civil engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b27","unstructured":"Smyrou, E.\n                (2006), \u201cImplementation and verification of a masonry panel model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of infilled RC frames\u201d, MSc thesis in earthquake engineering, Rose School, Pavia."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b28","unstructured":"Varum, H.\n                (2003), \u201cSeismic assessment, strengthening and repair of existing buildings\u201d, PhD thesis in civil engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro."},{"key":"key2020121500171024300_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verderame, G.M.\n               , \n                  Fabbrocino, G.\n                and \n                  Manfredi, G.\n                (2008a), \u201cSeismic response of rc columns with smooth reinforcement. 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