{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:58:46Z","timestamp":1776077926536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]],"date-time":"2020-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ECAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the continuous development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) standards, not all of its dimensions are supported to the same extent. This is the case of Building Automation Systems (BAS) in which the features that are limited mostly to physical setup of devices are supported. These are largely insufficient to support modeling automation scenarios. The purpose of this article is to clarify the gap in the state of the art and define the need for further developments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article explores the existing gap in the literature and discusses the hypothesis of extending BIM to a wider support of BA concepts. Based on an assessment of scientific and technical literature, this study elicits the information requirements of BA and performs a gap analysis with current BIM standards, such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings lead us to conclude that there is a lack of completeness regarding features from BAS automation and management levels. Furthermore, it is shown that IFC is the most adequate data model to cover BAS without losing its purpose, but there is still a considerable work that needs to be addressed in future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>BIM standards such as IFC position themselves as natural candidates for modeling and exchanging information regarding BA. However, the extent to which BIM supports automation features has never been rigorously analyzed. This article explores the existing gap in the literature and discusses the hypothesis of extending BIM to a wider support of BA concepts. Based on an assessment of scientific and technical literature, this study elicits the information requirements of BA and performs a gap analysis with current BIM standards such as IFC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ecam-07-2018-0294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1582606421000},"page":"1357-1375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Supporting building automation systems in BIM\/IFC: reviewing the existing information gap"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Renato","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio Aguiar","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref001","volume-title":"Potential Utilization of Building Information Models for Planning Maintenance Activities","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref002","first-page":"2454","article-title":"Real time power monitoring & integration with BIM","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref003","first-page":"589","article-title":"The \u201cBIM's 4D+\u201d dimension: real time energy monitoring","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref005","volume-title":"National BIM Standard - United States \u2122 Version 2","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref004","volume-title":"ASHRAE STANDARD BACnet \u2013 A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks","author":"ASHRAE","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref007","volume-title":"IFC BIM-Based Methodology for Semi-automated Building Energy Performance Simulation","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref006","first-page":"26","volume-title":"A Framework for Building Information Fusion","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref008","first-page":"529","article-title":"BACnet: a standard communication infrastructure for intelligent buildings","volume":"6","year":"1997"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref009","first-page":"33","article-title":"Ashrae American Society Heating Refrigerating","volume-title":"New Tools for Specifying BACnet","year":"2002"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref012","volume-title":"BACnet Basics User's Guide","author":"C. Corporation, U. T. Corporation, C. No","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref014","first-page":"598","article-title":"SOA at device level in the industrial domain: assessment of OPC UA and DPWS specifications","year":"2010"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref013","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Integrating KNX and OPC UA information model","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Computers"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cecconi, F.R., Moretti, N., Maltese, S. and Tagliabue, L.C. (2019), \u201cA bim-based decision support system for building maintenance\u201d, in Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering, Springer, Cham, pp. 371-378.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00220-6_44"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2012.10.003","article-title":"Linking building data in the cloud: integrating cross-domain building data using linked data","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.07.022","article-title":"A framework for integrating bim and iot through open standards","volume":"95","year":"2018","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2015.11.005","article-title":"Building automation systems: concepts and technology review","volume":"45","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computer Standards & Interfaces"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref017","volume-title":"BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref018","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Introduction to the LonWorks\u00ae Platform","author":"Echelon Corporation","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref019","volume-title":"Energy 2020: A Strategy for Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Energy","author":"European Comission","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref021","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Interoperability at the Management Level of Building Automation Systems: A Case Study for BACnet and OPC UA","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2005.04.002","article-title":"IFC model viewer to support nD model application","volume":"15","year":"2006","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.04.176","article-title":"Literature review of data model quality metrics of data warehouse","volume":"48","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref023","first-page":"291","article-title":"Information modeling in heterogeneous building automation systems","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref024","first-page":"99","article-title":"A modular architecture for building automation systems","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2007.03.001","article-title":"Building information modelling \u2013 experts' views on standardisation and industry deployment","volume":"22","year":"2008","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref026","first-page":"22","article-title":"BACnet for Utilities and Metering","volume-title":"Ashrae Journal","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref027","volume-title":"Building Information Models: A Review on Storage and Echange Mechanisms","year":"1999"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref028","volume-title":"The IFC Object Model Architecture Guide","author":"International Alliance for Interoperability","year":"1999"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref031","first-page":"5716","article-title":"Efficient group communication based on web services for reliable control in wireless automation","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref029","first-page":"683","article-title":"Integrating building automation systems and IPv6 in the internet of things","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref030","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Building automation and smart cities: an integration approach based on a service-oriented architecture","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref032","first-page":"1939","volume-title":"Heterogeneous Device Interaction Using an IPv6 Enabled Service-Oriented Architecture for Building Automation Systems Categories and Subject Descriptors","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref033","first-page":"1178","volume-title":"Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref034","first-page":"255","volume-title":"AN Open Approach to EIB\/KNX Software Development","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref036","volume-title":"An Application Programming Interface for Constrained RESTful Environments Based on a Groovy Domain Specific Language 2013","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref035","first-page":"1","article-title":"KNX System Specifications","volume":"3 1","author":"KNX_Association","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref037","volume-title":"KNX System Specifications: Datapoint Types","author":"Konnex Association","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref038","article-title":"Research on building information delivery of structural engineering for collaborative designs","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2012.11.008","article-title":"An integrated approach to intelligent urban facilities management for real-time emergency response","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref046","volume-title":"IEC 61850 Based OPC UA Communication - the Future of Smart Grid Automation","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref047","first-page":"61","volume-title":"OPC UA \u2013 Service-Oriented Architecture for Industrial Applications","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref045","first-page":"687","article-title":"The future of the device integration: field device integration","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.08.019","article-title":"Towards the next generation of intelligent building: an assessment study of current automation and future iot based systems with a proposal for transitional design","volume":"28","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref043","article-title":"Functional Profile: Light Sensor","volume":"1-9","author":"LonMark International","year":"1997"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref044","article-title":"Functional Profile: Constant Light Controller","volume":"1-11","author":"LonMark International","year":"1997"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref042","volume-title":"Application-Layer Interoperability Guidelines","author":"LonMark International","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref041","volume-title":"LonMark SNVT Master List","author":"LonMark International","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref053","volume-title":"OPC Unified Architecture","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.05.032","article-title":"An integrated system for buildings \u2013 energy-efficient automation: application in the tertiary sector","volume":"101","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref050","first-page":"121","volume-title":"BIM Extension into Later Stages of Project Life Cycle","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2647881","article-title":"Iot considerations, requirements, and architectures for smart buildings: energy optimization and next-generation building management systems","volume":"4","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020062203005124100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4379(02)00043-1","article-title":"Improving the quality of data models: empirical validation of a quality management framework","volume":"28","year":"2003","journal-title":"Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.03.015","article-title":"Sustainable BIM-based evaluation of buildings","volume":"74","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref055","first-page":"5","volume-title":"OPC Unified Architecture Internals","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref054","first-page":"87","article-title":"Web services in building automation: mapping KNX to oBIX","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref057","first-page":"1","volume-title":"oBIX Specification 1.1","author":"OASIS","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref059","volume-title":"OPC Unified Architecture Specification Part 1: Overview and Concepts","author":"OPC Foundation","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref060","volume-title":"OPC Unified Architecture Specification Part 4: Servi\u00e7es","author":"OPC Foundation","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref061","volume-title":"OPC Unified Architecture Specification Part 5: Information Model","author":"OPC Foundation","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref058","volume-title":"OPC Unified, A. Specification, and C. Release, \u201cOP,\u201d","author":"OPC Foundation","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref056","first-page":"1376","article-title":"Integrating building automation systems and wireless sensor networks","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref062","first-page":"390","article-title":"Enhanced control application development in Building Automation","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref064","first-page":"1","volume-title":"KNX for OPC UA","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref063","first-page":"303","article-title":"A data exchange format for the engineering of building automation systems","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref068","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Completeness in the Relational Model: A Comprehensive Framework","year":"2004"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2006.07.006","article-title":"An information model for building automation systems","volume":"16","year":"2007","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2008.07.003","article-title":"Building information model based energy\/exergy performance assessment in early design stages","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74747","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2919262","article-title":"Automated hvac control creation based on building information modeling (bim): ventilation system","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.01.020","article-title":"A review of building information modeling (bim) and the internet of things (iot) devices integration: present status and future trends","volume":"101","year":"2019","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2018.04.011","article-title":"Ifc monitor \u2013 an ifc schema extension for modeling structural health monitoring systems","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref071","article-title":"Fieldbuses and interoperability","volume":"7","year":"1999"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5788(98)00003-0","article-title":"A review of the fieldbuses","volume":"22","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annual Reviews in Control"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2008.05.001","article-title":"IFC and building lifecycle management","volume":"18","year":"2008","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2012.01.005","article-title":"Semantics of model views for information exchanges using the industry foundation class schema","volume":"26","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref077","first-page":"27","volume-title":"BACnet - Objects, Properties, Services","author":"Wago Kontakttechnik GmbH","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref075","unstructured":"Weise, M., Katranuschkov, P. and Scherer, R.J. (2000), \u201cA proposed extension of the IFC project model for structural systems\u201d, in Goncalves, R., Steiger-Garcao, A. and Scherer, R.J. (Eds), Product and Process Modelling in Building and Construction, Proceedings of the 3rd ECPPM, Lisbon, 25-27 Sept. 2000, Balkema, Rotherdam, The Netherlands, pp. 229-238."},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref076","first-page":"70","article-title":"Automation of BIM quantity take-off to suit QS'S requirements","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref078","volume-title":"Interfacing BIM with Building Thermal and Daylighting ModelingProceedings of BS2013 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, August 26-28","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020062203005124100_ref079","first-page":"215","article-title":"Simulation model generation combining ifc and citygml data, in: eWork and eBusiness in architecture, engineering and construction: ECPPM 2016","year":"7-9  2016"}],"container-title":["Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ECAM-07-2018-0294\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ECAM-07-2018-0294\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:44:43Z","timestamp":1753404283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ecam\/article\/27\/6\/1357-1375\/93436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ECAM-07-2018-0294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ecam-07-2018-0294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-9988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-9988","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]]}}}