{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:09:31Z","timestamp":1771607371369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Emerald","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates whether the frequency of SPA visits influences consumers' happiness and how both happiness and calmness during the experience contribute to increasing health consciousness (HC) and health knowledge (HK).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empirical data were collected from 207 consumers in Portugal who had recently experienced a SPA visit. A conceptual model was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results show that happiness and calmness positively influence HC and HK. SPA frequency was associated with happiness but not with calmness, and happiness did not mediate the relationship between frequency and the health-related cognitive outcomes (HC and HK).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research contributes to health care and wellness tourism literature by clarifying the role of affective states, happiness and calmness, in shaping cognitive health outcomes. The academic and managerial implications are useful for designing strategies that promote both consumer well-being and preventive health behaviours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/emjb-01-2025-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:18:14Z","timestamp":1771604294000},"page":"1-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revitalizing wellness: the role of SPA experience in promoting emotional well-being and health consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2967-2583","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Organizations, Markets and Industrial Management (COMEGI), Universidade Lus\u00edada \u2013 Norte , ,","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4942-079X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Pinto Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAG-European Business School Research Center in Business Sciences and Tourism (CICET \u2013 FCVC), , ,","place":["Porto, Portugal"]},{"name":"Research Centre in Organizations, Markets and Industrial Management (COMEGI) , ,","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102770","article-title":"Customer happiness as a function of perceived loyalty program benefits-A quantile regression approach","volume":"64","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2016.1061471","article-title":"How do expressed emotions affect the helpfulness of a product review? Evidence from reviews using latent semantic analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12386","article-title":"Buying well-being: spending behavior and happiness","volume":"12","author":"Aknin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2020.100076","article-title":"Factors affecting the consumers' willingness to pay for health and wellness food products","volume":"2","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0972150918795368","article-title":"Factors affecting consumers' purchase behaviour for health and wellness food products in an emerging market","volume":"22","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Business Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2019.1527269","article-title":"Impact of experience on emotional well-being and loyalty","volume":"28","author":"Baloglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.70036","article-title":"What does wellbeing mean for spa therapists? Perspectives from Macao's hotel industry","volume":"27","author":"Basnyat","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.17.1.66","article-title":"Shopping behavior and consumer preference for store price format: why \u2018large basket\u2019 shoppers prefer EDLP","volume":"17","author":"Bell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.11.038","article-title":"The pursuit of virtual happiness: exploring the social media experience across generations","volume":"89","author":"Berezan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/674724","article-title":"Happiness from ordinary and extraordinary experiences","volume":"41","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2006.10639231","article-title":"The differential effects of celebrity and expert endorsements on consumer risk perceptions. The role of consumer knowledge, perceived congruency, and product technology orientation","volume":"35","author":"Biswas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113871","article-title":"Toward a better understanding of key determinants and consequences of masstige consumption","volume":"161","author":"Boisvert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0092070302250900","article-title":"Factors influencing the likelihood of customer defection: the role of consumer knowledge","volume":"31","author":"Capraro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119727","article-title":"An open-minded strategy towards eco-innovation: a key to sustainable growth in a global enterprise","volume":"148","author":"Cegarra-Navarro","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/13032917.2013.841094","article-title":"Influence of customer experience on loyalty and word-of-mouth in hospitality operations","volume":"25","author":"Cetin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anatolia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-10-2019-0269","article-title":"Brand image as the competitive edge for hospitals in medical tourism","volume":"33","author":"Cham","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Business Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022011175839000_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2021.1952285","article-title":"Subjective well-being, mobile social media and the enjoyment of tourism experience: a broaden-and-build perspective","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.11.057","article-title":"Three decades of research on loyalty programs: a literature review and future research agenda","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410604385-10","volume-title":"Modern Methods for Business Research","author":"Chin","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref020","first-page":"655","volume-title":"Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications","author":"Chin","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2013.877044","article-title":"The role of functional and wellness values in visitors' evaluation of spa experiences","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1108\/JHTI-06-2024-0551","article-title":"Wellness tourism destination loyalty formation: the role of mental health and eudaimonic well-being","volume":"8","author":"Chua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2005.10639194","article-title":"Sponsorship-linked marketing: opening the black box","volume":"34","author":"Cornwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.2147","article-title":"The impact of customer engagement on customer happiness","volume":"22","author":"de Azambuja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Behaviour"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026022011175839000_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446249215.n21","article-title":"Self-determination theory","volume":"1","author":"Deci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handbook of theories of social psychology"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.03.057","article-title":"A scoping review on consumer behaviour related to wine and health","volume":"112","author":"Deroover","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science Technology"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003469018-13","volume-title":"Emotion Theory: The Routledge Comprehensive Guide","author":"Diener","year":"2024","edition":"1st ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.25300\/misq\/2015\/39.2.02","article-title":"Consistent partial least squares path modeling","volume":"39","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022011175839000_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1108\/TR-11-2023-0770","article-title":"Wellness spa hotel experience: evidence from spa hotel guests in Serbia","volume":"80","author":"Dimitrovski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tourism Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1108\/bfj-07-2012-0177","article-title":"Does subjective well-being predict health-enhancing behaviour? The example of fruit and vegetable consumption","volume":"116","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Food Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1108\/JSOCM-07-2023-0159","article-title":"Impact of source credibility on behavioural responses to a mental health promotion social marketing campaign","volume":"14","author":"Donovan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Social Marketing"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2018.01.008","article-title":"Segmentation by push motives in health tourism destinations: a case study of Polish spa resorts","volume":"9","author":"Dryglas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Destination Marketing and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287518759227","article-title":"Trends and directions in tourism and positive psychology","volume":"58","author":"Filep","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1108\/josm-05-2018-0121","article-title":"Design for service inclusion: creating inclusive service systems by 2050","volume":"29","author":"Fisk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Service Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/s0148-2963(98)00057-5","article-title":"A short, reliable measure of subjective knowledge","volume":"46","author":"Flynn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.56.3.218","article-title":"The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions","volume":"56","author":"Fredrickson","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-012-0307-4","article-title":"Customer positivity and participation in services: an empirical test in a health care context","volume":"41","author":"Gallan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2007.11.006","article-title":"Sensation seeking and the prediction of attitudes and behaviours of wine tourists","volume":"29","author":"Galloway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2011.03.003","article-title":"I have paid less than you! The emotional and behavioral consequences of advantaged price inequality","volume":"87","author":"Gelbrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022011175839000_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21096","article-title":"The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and happiness in five Asian countries","volume":"35","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-10-2013-0128","article-title":"Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)","volume":"26","author":"Hair","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Business Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-11-2018-0203","article-title":"When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM","volume":"31","author":"Hair","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Business Review"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref043","volume-title":"Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","author":"Hair","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.10.029","article-title":"Staging luxury experiences for understanding sustainable fashion consumption: a balance theory application","volume":"74","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1509\/jm.11.0261","article-title":"When value trumps health in a supersized world","volume":"77","author":"Haws","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026022011175839000_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.20420","article-title":"Happiness as a predictor of service quality and commitment for utilitarian and hedonic services","volume":"28","author":"Hell\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2019.1604293","article-title":"Customer experience, well-being, and loyalty in the spa hotel context: integrating the top-down and bottom-up theories of well-being","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/14673584231188847","article-title":"Influence of individual and social values on customer engagement in luxury thermal spa hotels: the mediating roles of perceived justice and brand experience","volume":"25","author":"Japutra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0092070398261002","article-title":"The antecedents of preventive health care behavior: an empirical study","volume":"26","author":"Jayanti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026022011175839000_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2016.1196514","article-title":"Pathway linking internet health information seeking to better health: a moderated mediation study","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Communication"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022011175839000_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1108\/apjml-09-2022-0752","article-title":"The metaverse experience in luxury brands","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.1742","article-title":"Conceptualization and measurement of millennial's social signaling and self-signaling for socially responsible consumption","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Behaviour"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref054","volume-title":"We Feel Fine: An Almanac of Human Emotion","author":"Kamvar","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2018.10.011","article-title":"The information quality and source credibility matter in customers' evaluation toward food O2O commerce","volume":"78","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287516678337","article-title":"Risk and uncertainty in travel decision-making: tourist and destination perspective","volume":"57","author":"Karl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1108\/ijchm-05-2020-0477","article-title":"The value proposition of food delivery apps from the perspective of theory of consumption value","volume":"33","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/24721735.2020.1849930","article-title":"The wellness tourist motivation scale: a new statistical tool for measuring wellness tourist motivation","volume":"3","author":"Kessler","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Spa Wellness"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref059","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Informatics","author":"Khan","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2016.11.003","article-title":"Customer responses to food-related attributes in ethnic restaurants","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250.2018.1467276","article-title":"Identifying and understanding spa tourists' wellness attitudes","volume":"19","author":"Koskinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2015.1025087","article-title":"Lifestyle segmentation of spa users: a study of inbound travelers to Hong Kong","volume":"21","author":"Kucukusta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2020.102318","article-title":"Do brands make consumers happy?- A masstige theory perspective","volume":"58","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022011175839000_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-05-2016-0070","article-title":"Customer perceptions of quality\u2013a study in the SPA industry","volume":"28","author":"Lagrosen","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Business Review"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2013.10.005","article-title":"The role of perceived corporate social responsibility on providing healthful foods and nutrition information with health-consciousness as a moderator","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022011175839000_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1108\/00070701111177700","article-title":"The wine drinking behaviour of young adults: an exploratory study in China","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Food Journal"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1071578","article-title":"Dimensions of the health benefits of wellness tourism: a review","volume":"13","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-3034-4.ch007","volume-title":"New Techniques for Brand Management in the Healthcare Sector","author":"Martins","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/24721735.2025.2467608","article-title":"Wellness tourism: a systematic literature review","volume":"8","author":"Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Spa and Wellness"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00006.x","article-title":"Patterns of emotional responses and behavioural consequences of dissatisfaction","volume":"48","author":"Maute","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.08.032","article-title":"Examining consumer attitudes towards retailers' m-commerce mobile applications\u2013An initial adoption vs. continuous use perspective","volume":"106","author":"McLean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12630","article-title":"Customers response to online food delivery services during COVID-19 outbreak using binary logistic regression","volume":"45","author":"Mehrolia","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Consumer Studies"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2019.100847","article-title":"The routine use of mobile health services in the presence of health consciousness","volume":"35","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550610393987","article-title":"The shifting meaning of happiness","volume":"2","author":"Mogilner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.836194","article-title":"Does health consciousness matter to adopt new technology? An integrated model of UTAUT2 with SEM-f sQCA approach","volume":"13","author":"Mustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12733","article-title":"Understanding consumer\u2019switching intention toward traceable agricultural products: push-pull-mooring perspective","volume":"46","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Consumer Studies"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.046","article-title":"An analysis on the panic during COVID-19 pandemic through an online form","volume":"276","author":"Nicomedes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref078","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13529-7","article-title":"I (Don't) want to consume counterfeit medicines: exploratory study on the antecedents of consumer attitudes toward counterfeit medicines","volume":"22","author":"Ofori-Parku","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2019.102318","article-title":"Guest satisfaction and dissatisfaction in luxury hotels: an application of big data","volume":"84","author":"Padma","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026022011175839000_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8082","DOI":"10.3390\/su16188082","article-title":"Measurement and evaluation of the development level of health and wellness tourism from the perspective of high-quality development","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2007.12.001","article-title":"The effects of consumer knowledge on message processing of electronic word-of-mouth via online consumer reviews","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026022011175839000_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1108\/jsm-09-2021-0323","article-title":"Customer service co-creation literacy for better service value: evidence from the health-care sector","volume":"36","author":"Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Services Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/brm.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.54055\/ejtr.v34i.2686","article-title":"Contribution of health and wellness tourism to happiness and quality of life\u2013A comparative study between Portugal and Hungary","volume":"34","author":"Quintela","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Tourism Research"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2023.03.007","article-title":"How virtual wellness retreat experiences may influence psychological well-being","volume":"58","author":"Rahmani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103451","article-title":"Examining tourist citizenship behaviors through affective, cognitive, behavioral engagement and reputation: symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches","volume":"75","author":"Rather","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref088","article-title":"SmartPLS, 3","author":"Ringle","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1020","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions","volume":"25","author":"Ryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/24721735.2023.2263310","article-title":"The relationships between happiness, wellness tourist motivation, and tourism destination among Finnish wellness travellers: insights from the world's \u2018happiest nation\u2019","volume":"6","author":"Saari","year":"2023","journal-title":"International journal of Spa and Wellness"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022011175839000_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ausmj.2019.05.003","article-title":"How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM","volume":"27","author":"Sarstedt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australasian Marketing Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21073","article-title":"An appraisal framework of the determinants and consequences of brand happiness","volume":"35","author":"Schnebelen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022011175839000_ref093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1108\/ijchm-05-2022-0670","article-title":"Information processing of food safety messages: what really matters for restaurant customers?","volume":"35","author":"Shafieizadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103598","article-title":"Exploring the factors that drive millet consumption: insights from regular and occasional consumers","volume":"76","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102531","article-title":"Intrinsic motivation of luxury consumers in an emerging market","volume":"61","author":"Shahid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.019","article-title":"Health experience model of personal informatics: the case of a quantified self","volume":"69","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2026022011175839000_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/02642069.2018.1544619","article-title":"Reviving calm technology in the e-tourism context","volume":"39","author":"Stankov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Service Industries Journal"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.01.018","article-title":"Does your health really benefit from using a self-tracking device? Evidence from a longitudinal randomized control trial","volume":"94","author":"Stiglbauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/24721735.2024.2314943","article-title":"Spa tourism: understanding the relationship of tourists emotional experience, destination image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend using an integrated model","volume":"7","author":"Suban","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Spa and Wellness"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref100","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","author":"Sweller","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.12.0106","article-title":"Mining marketing meaning from online chatter: strategic brand analysis of big data using latent dirichlet\u00a0allocation","volume":"51","author":"Tirunillai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"7\/8","key":"2026022011175839000_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1108\/ejm-02-2011-0090","article-title":"Recognising emotional expressions of complaining customers","volume":"48","author":"Tombs","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916581135001","article-title":"Natural versus urban scenes: some psychophysiological effects","volume":"13","author":"Ulrich","year":"1981","journal-title":"Environment and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2370.2011.00322.x","article-title":"Employee well-being and the HRM\u2013organizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies","volume":"14","author":"Van De Voorde","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Management Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022011175839000_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.2624","article-title":"Relationships between motivation, service quality, tourist satisfaction, quality of life, and spa and wellness tourism","volume":"26","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Tourism Research"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120644","article-title":"Mobile apps for healthy living: factors influencing continuance intention for health apps","volume":"166","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1108\/JSMA-01-2023-0006","article-title":"The effect of social media exposure, environmental concern and consumer habits in green consumption intention","volume":"16","author":"Yanyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Strategy and Management"},{"key":"2026022011175839000_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13567667251382424","article-title":"Managing the heterogeneity in resort guests' wellness needs","author":"Yodsuwan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Vacation Marketing"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022011175839000_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1057\/s41262-021-00240-y","article-title":"Social capital and consumer happiness: toward an alternative explanation of consumer-brand identification","volume":"28","author":"Yoshida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Brand Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022011175839000_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.10.011","article-title":"Understanding luxury consumption in China: consumer perceptions of best-known brands","volume":"65","author":"Zhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022011175839000_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/651257","article-title":"Reconsidering baron and kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026022011175839000_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.20545","article-title":"Does consumer well-being affect hedonic consumption?","volume":"29","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022011175839000_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9040460","article-title":"What drives customer satisfaction, loyalty, and happiness in fast-food restaurants in China? Perceived price, service quality, food quality, physical environment quality, and the moderating role of gender","volume":"9","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022011175839000_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2018.1428851","article-title":"What predicts exercise maintenance and well-being? Examining the influence of health-related psychographic factors and social media communication","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Communication"}],"container-title":["EuroMed Journal of Business"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/emjb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1108\/EMJB-01-2025-0005\/11247294\/emjb-01-2025-0005en.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/emjb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1108\/EMJB-01-2025-0005\/11247294\/emjb-01-2025-0005en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:18:17Z","timestamp":1771604297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/emjb\/article\/doi\/10.1108\/EMJB-01-2025-0005\/1342804\/Revitalizing-wellness-the-role-of-SPA-experience"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":116,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/emjb-01-2025-0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1450-2194","1758-888X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1450-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-888X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]}}}