{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T23:39:12Z","timestamp":1775173152114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJAIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to analyze the corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) determinants of the Portuguese listed companies\u2019 performance, considering a different point of view by managers, shareholders and other external stakeholders and investors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To achieve this aim, the authors have used a sample of 34 nonfinancial listed companies in Euronext Lisbon between 2015 and 2020. The authors use the panel data methodology to test the hypotheses formulated according to the literature review, specifically the generalized method of moments (GMM) system estimation model proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The main results point out that the determinants of the corporate performance vary depending on the dependent variable considered. From the managers\u2019 perspective, the existence of an audit committee and expenses with the environment increase costs and reduce results, negatively influencing corporate performance, but the company\u2019s maturity adds synergies in resource management and positively influences performance. Shareholders consider that gender diversity and board independence positively influence performance, whereas, for external stakeholders and long-term investors, gender diversity and the social responsibility committee harm the performance of Portuguese companies. However, environmental and social expenditures have a positive effect, showing that the market\u2019s perception is that, in the long run, it is essential to eradicate poverty and protect the environment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, this study is the first one to analyze corporate governance and CSR determinants on the performance of listed Portuguese companies. This study shows that in a small banking-oriented country, there is still a long way to go in terms of increasing social responsibility and governance among different stakeholders. It is essential to promote actions that lead to effective governance and awareness of social responsibility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijaim-08-2022-0166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T08:59:51Z","timestamp":1668675591000},"page":"66-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Governance and social responsibility: what factors impact corporate performance in a small banking-oriented country?"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Maria 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