{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T22:42:43Z","timestamp":1775947363354,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJBM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ongoing evolution of the Internet and the subsequent digitalisation of financial services, along with the ever-increasing innovation of financial products, have rendered consumers more vulnerable to a wider range of fraud in the banking sector and, particularly, to consumer financial fraud (CFF). This paper aims to analyse the factors that may contribute to CFF exposure and victimisation among Spaniards, with a special focus on financial literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper provides a comprehensive overview of leading publications on the topic, followed by empirical analyses using regression models with a sample of 6,207 Spanish individuals drawn from the Survey of Financial Competences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective and subjective financial knowledge are positively correlated with CFF exposure via email but do not protect against CFF victimisation. Similarly, financial knowledge overconfidence is positively related to the former but fails to constitute a driver of the latter. Financial inclusion, measured by the number of financial products held, not only increases the risk of this exposure but also contributes to its subsequent victimisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous paper has analysed the relationship between CFF and financial literacy by differentiating two types of vulnerabilities to fraud (exposure and victimisation) while considering different constructs of financial literacy. Dissecting these two domains may explain why the same financial literacy construct can have different effects at both stages of financial fraud and, furthermore, how different financial literacy constructs may affect the same stage of financial fraud.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijbm-03-2023-0169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T05:59:32Z","timestamp":1717567172000},"page":"1388-1413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The role of financial literacy in\u00a0consumer financial fraud exposure (via email) and victimisation: evidence from Spain"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5165-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Rey-Ares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Espi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key2024122016025395500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/14697680902878105","article-title":"Financial literacy and portfolio diversification","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Quantitative Finance"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024122016025395500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/ecin.12255","article-title":"The effects of perceived and actual financial literacy on financial behaviors","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"key2024122016025395500_ref003","volume-title":"Financial Literacy in Western Europe. 2020","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2024122016025395500_ref004","unstructured":"Banco de Espa\u00f1a and CNMV (2018), \u201cPlan de Educaci\u00f3n Financiera 2018-2021\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.cnmv.es\/DocPortal\/Publicaciones\/PlanEducacion\/PlanEducacion18_21.pdf (accessed 9 November 2020)."},{"key":"key2024122016025395500_ref005","article-title":"The power of a financially literate woman in intra-household financial decision-making","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Science Research Network"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024122016025395500_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0727","article-title":"Cyber-dependent crime victimization: the same risk for everyone?","volume":"21","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"key2024122016025395500_ref007","volume-title":"The Survey of Financial Competences (ECF): Description and Methods of the 2016 Wave","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2024122016025395500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2019.102243","article-title":"Consumer fraud victimisation and financial well-being","volume":"76","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2024122016025395500_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303821","article-title":"Prevalence of financial fraud and scams among older adults in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"170","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"key2024122016025395500_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2014.03.013","article-title":"Financial literacy and the demand for financial advice","volume":"50","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Banking and Finance"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024122016025395500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589","article-title":"Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach","volume":"44","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024122016025395500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBM-06-2022-0251","article-title":"Are financially illiterate individuals all the same? 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