{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:43:59Z","timestamp":1763729039872,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper aims to describe an exploratory study aiming to identify the mechanisms adopted by social enterprises for effective operations based on volunteer work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An inductive multiple case study method was used addressing three social enterprises whose operations rely on a volunteer workforce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Volunteer-based operations benefit from the establishment of a formal structure, involving different levels of volunteering complemented with other mechanisms, namely, educate and train, empower and connect. Special attention must be given to first-level volunteers, reinforcing the range of practices to motivate and engage them, as they serve as intermediaries between the paid employees and lower-level volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study provides valuable insights for managers for the implementation of effective operations, building on volunteer work, aiming at the generation of social and economic value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Social implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to their innovative character, social enterprises are well-positioned to mobilize more and more qualified volunteers for a significant change in their communities. Adopting a more strategic and structured approach to volunteer management can enable these organizations to take advantage of it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study contributes to the literature on social enterprise by identifying a set of mechanisms adopted for effective volunteer-based operations. It also contributes to the literature on volunteer management by addressing an underexplored context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijoa-08-2021-2892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T11:38:24Z","timestamp":1639741104000},"page":"1917-1934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanisms adopted by social enterprises for effective volunteer-based operations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Liliana","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism, Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), , Aveiro,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism, Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), , Aveiro,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025112107235231400_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2016.1242508","article-title":"The management of volunteers \u2013 what can human resources do? 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