{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:47:43Z","timestamp":1774334863821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJSHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to explore students\u2019 sustainability attitudes and behavioural intentions and their relation to energy use, to promote energy saving and decarbonisation in higher education settings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors used a validated energy literacy survey to assess undergraduate students\u2019 attitudes and behavioural intentions towards energy saving in two countries (Brazil and Belgium). The questionnaire, administered online, comprised 23 Likert scale questions and three questions eliciting socio-demographic information. Results were analysed using a linear regression model and compared with previous research using the same energy literacy instrument.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The research identified three dimensions of sustainable attitudes: citizens\u2019 role, scientists\u2019 role and government\u2019s role, explaining 65.5% of respondents\u2019 energy-related attitudes. Three dimensions of sustainable behaviours were identified, explaining 64.5% of energy-related behavioural intentions: consumption of eco-friendly products, financially driven behaviours and household energy saving. The linear regression model identified scientists\u2019 role, consumption of eco-friendly products and financially driven behaviour as the key predictors of student energy use. Differences between the two contexts also emerged.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Individual action to improve energy saving is necessary, but not sufficient for decarbonisation. However, student attitudes and behavioural intentions towards energy are an important element of campus decarbonisation: these \u201cmicro\u201d experiments can become a \u201cnetwork\u201d searching for synergies at the campus level (in collaboration with the neighbourhood) and act as a catalyst towards a more profound carbon-free society. Limitations of the research include the use of a survey to ascertain estimates of energy use; however, the study offers a model for further research and a mode of analysis that would be useful to other researchers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research enables universities to better understand the drivers and barriers to student energy-saving activities and thereby promote decarbonisation on campus. This is a crucial underpinning in the creation of sustainable universities, linking education and campus developments. This survey was one of the catalysts to set up a total new maintenance energy performance contract (MEPC) at one of the authors\u2019 institutions, where energy efficiency was realised alongside other sustainability aspects, such as water saving, circular renovation and waste reduction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research illustrates the challenges and opportunities of working with key stakeholders in university settings for university-based decarbonisation efforts. Intensive involvement of students and teachers in the new MEPC offers an example of co-creation with building \u201cusers\u201d \u2013 which may have implications for other university building developments. Increasingly, universities need to consider the need for a new business model in which shared and multiple value creation is a key feature. Treating societal challenges as business opportunities is an important new dimension of corporate strategy and a powerful path to social progress, which higher education institutions should not overlook.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Student attitudes and behavioural intentions towards energy are an important element of campus decarbonisation and can act as a catalyst towards a carbon-free society. Although energy literacy research has been undertaken in the USA and UK, this research is the first of its kind for Belgium and Brazil, and the mode of analysis \u2013 using a linear regression model \u2013 differs from the earlier work, offering a novel methodological approach.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijshe-10-2021-0432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T02:24:41Z","timestamp":1658543081000},"page":"1648-1666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Student energy-saving in higher education tackling the challenge of decarbonisation"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janaina","family":"Macke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arminda","family":"Pa\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behaviour","volume":"50","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref002","unstructured":"Bael, T., Elen, M. and Vermeir, I. (2009), \u201cDe inconsistente consument: De relatie tussen attitudes en gedrag\u201d, Diss. Master, available at: https:\/\/lib.ugent.be\/catalog\/rug01:001392281"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839908725599","article-title":"Overcoming the \u2018value\u2010action gap\u2019 in environmental policy: tensions between national policy and local experience","volume":"4","year":"1999","journal-title":"Local Environment"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2020.111807","article-title":"On some economic principles of the energy transition","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref005","volume-title":"Foundations of Social Theory","year":"1990"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.03.136","article-title":"Energy saving on campus: a comparison of students\u201d attitudes and behaviours in the UK and Portugal","volume":"129","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2015.1038986","article-title":"Knowledge, agency and collective action as barriers to energy-saving behaviour","volume":"21","year":"2016","journal-title":"Local Environment"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref008","article-title":"Reducing energy demand in China and the United Kingdom: the importance of energy literacy","volume":"278","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.12.049","article-title":"Energy literacy of secondary students in New York state: a measure of knowledge, affect and behaviour","volume":"39","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref010","unstructured":"EU (2019), \u201cConsulted on December 22, 2020\u201d, available at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/topics\/energy-efficiency\/energy-efficient-buildings\/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-07-2017-0114","article-title":"The impacts of higher education institutions on sustainable development: a review and conceptualization","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref012","volume-title":"Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research","year":"1975"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref013","article-title":"Energy efficiency projects in a living lab higher education institution: a connection between sustainability and wellbeing","volume-title":"Poster presentation at 24th International Sustainable Development Research Society Conference","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref014","article-title":"Energy efficiency in school buildings? How to use in a successful way the triple bottom line framework","volume-title":"Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2018. KES-SEB 2018. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref065","article-title":"Energy efficiency in school buildings: the need for a tailor-made business model","volume-title":"Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2020. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref015","volume-title":"Strategic Social Marketing","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref016","first-page":"119643","article-title":"Energy use in social housing residents in the UK and recommendations for developing energy behaviour change interventions","volume":"251","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref017","volume-title":"Essentials of Business Research Methods","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref01600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315716862","article-title":"The essentials of business research methods","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref018","volume-title":"Social Capital","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1469540510390500","article-title":"Practice-ing behaviour change: applying social practice theory to pro-environmental behaviour change","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Culture"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref020","unstructured":"Health (2021), \u201cConsulted on December 22, 2021\u201d, available at: www.healthproceurope.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref021","article-title":"Dimensionalizing cultures: the Hofstede model in context","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Online Readings in Psychology and Culture"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref022","unstructured":"IEA (2019), \u201cWorld energy outlook 2019\u201d, available at: www.iea.org\/reports\/world-energy-outlook-2019 (accessed 07 October, 2021)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref01400","article-title":"Genetic factors, cultural predispositions, happiness and gender equality","volume-title":"Journal of Research in Gender Studies","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref023","volume-title":"World Values Survey: All Rounds \u2013 Country-Pooled Datafile Version"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref024","unstructured":"IPCC Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (2021), \u201cClimate change 2021: the physical science basis\u201d, available at: www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf (accessed 7 October 2021)"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref025","unstructured":"Jackson, T. (2005), \u201cMotivating sustainable consumption: a review of evidence on consumer behaviour and behavioural change\u201d, A report to the Sustainable Development Research Network, as part of the ESRC Sustainable Technologies Programme, available at: http:\/\/sustainablelifestyles.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/motivating_sc_final.pdf (accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2013.11.009","article-title":"Influence of interpretation on conservation intentions of whale tourists","volume":"42","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.13705.19046"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.06.044","article-title":"Understanding facility management decision making for energy efficiency efforts for buildings at a higher education institution","volume":"199","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref029","first-page":"150","article-title":"The entrepreneurial university as driver for economic growth and social change \u2013 key strategic challenges","volume":"141","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/13504620220145401","article-title":"Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?","volume":"8","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environmental Education Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.3390\/en12112218","article-title":"Energy renovation versus demolition and construction of a new building \u2013 a comparative analysis of a Swedish multi-family building","volume":"12","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies (Basel)"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2014.09.006","article-title":"Behavioural spillover in the environmental domain: an intervention study","volume":"40","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1943815X.2014.988273","article-title":"Integrative approaches to environmental sustainability at universities: an overview of challenges and priorities","volume":"12","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.309","article-title":"Sustainable development goals and sustainability teaching at universities: falling behind or getting ahead of the pack?","volume":"232","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.3390\/su11061602","article-title":"Teaching sustainability in European higher education institutions: assessing the connections between competences and pedagogical approaches","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dibe.2020.100019","article-title":"From nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) to positive energy buildings (PEB): the next challenge-the most recent European trends with some notes on the energy analysis of a forerunner PEB example","volume":"3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Developments in the Built Environment"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-01-2020-0016","article-title":"Smart and learning campus as living lab to foster education for sustainable development: an experience with air quality monitoring","volume":"21","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref038","first-page":"19","article-title":"Stories vs. facts: triggering emotion and action-taking on climate change","volume":"154","year":"2019","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2298\/TSCI1003625M","article-title":"Educating engineers for\/in sustainable development? What we knew, what we learned, and what we should learn","volume":"14","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thermal Science"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.09.006","article-title":"Assessment of sustainable university factors from the perspective of university students","volume":"48","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref041","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez, A.P. and Frank, D. (2019), \u201cThe urban planning and land use for law and climate change toolkit\u201d, German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Berlin, available at: www.international-climate-initiative.com\/fileadmin\/Dokumente\/2019\/20190927-CHL-urban-planning-toolkit-en.pdf (accessed 25 October 2020)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref042","volume-title":"An\u00e1lise de Dados Para Ci\u00eancias Sociais: A Complementariedade Do SPSS","year":"2005","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref043","unstructured":"Pontelli, G.C., Maffini, C.A., Kneipp, J.M. and Paines, A.T. (2019), \u201cAn\u00e1lise da evidencia\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental nas universidades federais brasileiras\u201d, in 8\u00b0 f\u00f3rum internacional ecoinovar\u201d, available at: http:\/\/ecoinovar.submissao.com.br\/8ecoinovar\/anais\/arquivos\/140.pdf (accessed 30 November 2021)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref044","volume-title":"Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy","year":"1993"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref045","unstructured":"Ritchie, H. (2021a), Energy consumption and production. Published online at OurWorldInData.org, available at: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/energy-production-consumption (accessed January 2021)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref046","unstructured":"Ritchie, H. (2021b), \u201cRenewable energy\u201d, Published online at OurWorldInData.org, available at: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/renewable-energy"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref047","article-title":"Analyse van het duurzaam gedrag van studenten ten aanzien van afval","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2012.01812.x","article-title":"Risk communication, public engagement, and climate change: a role for emotions","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1108\/14636680110803003","article-title":"More evolution than revolution: transition management in public policy","volume":"3","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foresight"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2017.05.026","article-title":"Upscaling participatory thermal sensing: lessons from an interdisciplinary case study at university of California for improving campus efficiency and comfort","volume":"32","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Research and Social Science"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref051","unstructured":"Segers, J.P. (2020), \u201cUniversities \u2013 Entrepreneurial and sustainable. Best of both worlds?\u201d, Accreditation Council for Entrepreneurial and Engaged Universities, available at: www.aceeu.org\/news\/spotlightarticle\/id\/4"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1068\/a42282","article-title":"Beyond the ABC: climate change policy and theories of social change","volume":"42","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2013.12.006","article-title":"Engaging with energy reduction: does a climate change frame have the potential for achieving broader sustainable behaviour?","volume":"38","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref054","volume-title":"The Sustainable University \u2013 Process and Prospects","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00175","article-title":"Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior","volume":"56","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref056","first-page":"795","article-title":"Sustainable business models for retrofitting and their benefits for historical buildings energy performance","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4870(98)00043-9","article-title":"Spillover processes in the development of a sustainable consumption pattern","volume":"20","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Psychology"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref05800","unstructured":"UCS (2021), available at: https:\/\/www.ucs.br\/site\/english\/ (accessed December 22, 2021)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref058","unstructured":"UN (2015), \u201cSustainable development goals\u201d, available at: https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals (accessed 07 October, 2021)."},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref059","unstructured":"Upper Solar (2020), \u201cEdif\u00edcios sustent\u00e1veis t\u00eam taxas de condom\u00ednio de 15% a 25% menores do que os cobrados em pr\u00e9dios convencionais\u201d, available at: www.uppersolar.com.br\/edificios-sustentaveis-tem-taxas-de-condominio-de-15-a-25-menores-do-que-os-cobrados-em-predios-convencionais\/#:\u223c:text=No%20Brasil%2C%20desde%202007%2C%20o,de%20com%C3%A9rcio%2C%20ind%C3%BAstria%20e%20servi%C3%A7os"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref060","first-page":"12","article-title":"Introduction: Geert Verbong and Derk Loorbach","volume-title":"Governing the Energy Transition?\\?}","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2015.11.008","article-title":"Empowering interventions to promote sustainable lifestyles: testing the habit discontinuity hypothesis in a field experiment","volume":"45","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-06-2020-0209","article-title":"Teaching sustainability as complex systems approach: a sustainable development goals workshop","volume":"22","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2022120910203433100_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2020.101687","article-title":"Motivations, barriers and leverage points: exploring pathways for energy consumption reduction in Canadian commercial office buildings","volume":"70","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Research and Social Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022120910203433100_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-018-9707-8","article-title":"Office building deep energy retrofit: life cycle cost benefit analyses using cash flow analysis and multiple benefits on project level","volume":"12","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Efficiency"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJSHE-10-2021-0432\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJSHE-10-2021-0432\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:44:04Z","timestamp":1753393444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijshe\/article\/23\/7\/1648-1666\/159998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJSHE-10-2021-0432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijshe-10-2021-0432","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-6370","1467-6370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-6370","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-6370","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]}}}