{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:15:22Z","timestamp":1766391322783,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJSI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vehicle\u00b4s body front pillar should absorb most of the striker kinetic energy, while only a fraction of that is absorbed by the door structure. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned issue. In this test the striker is a virtual entity. Six uniaxial strain gauges are installed throughout the door. Additionally, contactless 3D digital image correlation (DIC) allows to assess the major door panel\u2019s continuous deformation and strain fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A coach is a large and heavy long-distance passenger transport vehicle. Their structural certification, classifies coaches as M3 Class III vehicles. New coach structures\u2019 designs need analyses of each sub-system for critical pre-validation of the entire structure, aiming driver and passenger carrier safety. Also, a thorough examination due to increased travel speed is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental pseudo-dynamic (PSD) results were compared and validated using finite element method (FEM) with two pieces of distinct FEM software (Abaqus\u00ae and PamCrash\u00ae). The time dependent solution was carried out by explicit techniques. Results by FEM and PSD test showed good agreement, evidencing the reliability of the tools selected. Results by PamCrash\u00ae were closer to the experimental data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>R-29 is truck-only regulation, however can be adapted to coaches in case of a frontal collision. The present work focuses on the impact behavior of the passenger front door subsystem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a first validation the entire structure, the behavior of a vehicle door, under in-plane impacts was studied. The corresponding deformation energy absorbed by the frontal passenger coach door under virtual impacts of a swinging striker was assessed using a PSD approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijsi-04-2022-0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T01:47:25Z","timestamp":1666230445000},"page":"2-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of a coach door under a frontal impact"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8620-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco Q. de","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno V.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6719-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.P.L.","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-2525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.M.G.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2-3","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-8231(02)00082-4","article-title":"Thin-walled structures as impact energy absorbers","volume":"41","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Thin-Walled Structures"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(1986)112:2(183)","article-title":"Pseudo-dynamic testing of structures","volume":"112","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref003","first-page":"30","article-title":"Numerical models of welded and bolted beam to column connections","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Technica Napocensis: Civil Engineering and Architecture"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechrescom.2005.05.010","article-title":"The use of pseudo-dynamic method in the evaluation of damping characteristics in reinforced concrete beams having variable bending stiffness","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanics Research Communications"},{"journal-title":"Speech presented at the Conference Problemes Inverses, Controle et Optimization de Formes 6","article-title":"Structural optimization of automotive chassis: theory, set up, design","year":"2012","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref005"},{"year":"2010","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref006","article-title":"Improvement of the energy absorption capacity of an intercity coach for frontal crash accidents"},{"key":"key2023020711135101300_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2017.11.005","article-title":"Application of 3D-DIC to characterize the effect of aggregate size and volume on non-uniform shrinkage strain distribution in concrete","volume":"86","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Composites"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2003.07.002","article-title":"Topology optimisation of an automotive component without final volume constraint specification","volume":"35","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Engineering Software"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023020711135101300_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1243\/0309324011514601","article-title":"The dynamic analysis of piping systems using pseudo-dynamic techniques","volume":"36","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design"},{"key":"key2023020711135101300_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Melo, F.J.Q., Carneiro, J.O., Pereira, J.T. and Rocha, A.J. 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