{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:51:02Z","timestamp":1767829862469,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJSI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the last decades, the demand and use of renewable energies have been increasing. The increase in renewable energies, particularly wind energy, leads to the development and innovation of powerful wind energy converters as well as increased production requirements. Hence, a higher supporting structure is required to achieve higher wind speed with less turbulence. To date, the onshore wind towers with tubular connections are the most used. The maximum diameter of this type of tower is limited by transportation logistics. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative wind turbine lattice structure based on half-pipe steel connections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a new concept of steel hybrid tower has been proposed. The focus of this work is the development of a lattice structure. Therefore, the geometry of the lattice part of the tower is assessed to decrease the number of joints and bolts. The sections used in the lattice structure are constructed in a polygonal shape. The elements are obtained by cold forming and bolted along the length. The members are connected by gusset plates and preloaded bolts. A numerical investigation of joints is carried out using the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the proposed study, the six \u201clegs\u201d solution with <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic> braces under 45\u00b0 angle and height\/spread ratio of 4\/1 and 5\/1 provides the most suitable balance between the weight of the supporting structure, number of bolts in joints and reaction forces in the foundations, when compared with four \u201clegs\u201d solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this investigation, the failure modes of elements and joints of an alternative wind turbine lattice structures, as well as the rotation stiffness of the joints, are determined. The FE results show good agreement with the analytical calculation proposed by EC3-1-8 standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijsi-05-2019-0042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T11:27:00Z","timestamp":1569324420000},"page":"48-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Alternative steel lattice structures for wind energy converters"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Slobodanka","family":"Jovasevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Veljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abilio M.P.","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref001","article-title":"Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings","author":"ASCE","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021020512061229900_ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization of a hybrid tower for onshore wind turbines by building information modeling and prefabrication techniques","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Visualization in Engineering"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021020512061229900_ref004","first-page":"38","article-title":"Design of lattice wind turbine towers with structural optimization","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021020512061229900_ref005","first-page":"613","article-title":"The strength of thin walled tubes formed from flat elements","volume":"11","year":"1969","journal-title":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref006","article-title":"Abaqus Analysis User\u2019s Manual version 6.14","author":"Dassault Syst\u00e8mes","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021020512061229900_ref007","first-page":"119","article-title":"Assessment of the potential for the design of marine renewable energy systems","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocean Systems Engineering"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref008","article-title":"EN 1993-1-8:2005 Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures \u2013 Part 1-8\u202f: Design of Joints","volume":"3","author":"European Committee for Standardisation","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref009","article-title":"The European offshore wind industry key 2015 trends and statistics","author":"EWEA","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref010","article-title":"Wind energy in Europe: scenarios for 2030","author":"EWEA","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021020512061229900_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/0309524X18777322","article-title":"Transition piece design for an onshore hybrid wind turbine with multiaxial fatigue life estimation","volume":"42","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wind Engineering"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref012","article-title":"Structural behaviour of hybrid lattice \u2013 tubular steel wind tower","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref013","article-title":"Resistance of Polygonal Cross-Sections \u2013 Application on Steel Towers for Wind Turbines","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref014","article-title":"Optimal design of lattice wind turbine towers","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2021020512061229900_ref015","first-page":"2179","article-title":"Selection of an optimal lattice wind turbine tower for a seismic region based on the Cost of Energy","volume":"19","year":"2014","journal-title":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref016","article-title":"Space frame tower","author":"General Electric \u2013 Renewable Energy","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref017","article-title":"Lattice tower design of offshore wind turbine support structures","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref018","volume-title":"Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref019","article-title":"Behaviour of pretensioned bolts in friction connections","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2021020512061229900_ref301","unstructured":"Hibbit, D.K.B., Karlsson, B.I. and Sorenson, P. 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