{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:49:33Z","timestamp":1768092573049,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJSI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to assess the technical state of old and repair steels of Shukhov\u2019s tower elements after operation during ~ 110 and 70 years of the water tower in Nikolaev, basing on their mechanical tests, metallography and fractography investigations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For their certification, the fractographic and structural features and mechanical properties (hardness, strength, plasticity and impact toughness) were analyzed. Both the steels under consideration were characterized by low values of hardness and brittle fracture resistance. The mechanical characteristics of the old steel are lower compared with the repair one. It cannot be only explained by the quality of metal rolling. Moreover, the plasticity characteristics of both steels, defined in synthetic acid rain environment, are lower than in the air. Using fractography investigation, the operational damages in the bulk metal in the form of the elements of cleavage fracture in the central part of the fracture surfaces of specimens tested at the hydrogenation condition by synthetic acid rain environment were revealed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study suggested a degradation of steels\u2019 characteristics caused by the development of scattering damages during their operation. Higher relative elongation of the old steel at lower hardness and impact toughness were also evidenced in that. The metallography and fractography investigations also supported this finding.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This original study aimed at characterizing the microstructural and mechanical degradation of mild steels that was collected from Shukhov\u2019s tower structural elements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijsi-10-2017-0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T07:09:35Z","timestamp":1525936175000},"page":"296-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Features of the microstructural and mechanical degradation of long term operated mild steel"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Halyna","family":"Krechkovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oleksandra","family":"Student","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Lesiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-938X(93)90279-P","article-title":"The initiation of pitting corrosion at MnS inclusions","volume":"34","year":"1993","journal-title":"Corrosion Science"},{"key":"key2020092816481344500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1305.2008.00596.x","article-title":"Residual lifetime assessment of an old riveted steel road bridge","volume":"47","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strain"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2009.09.004","article-title":"Fatigue assessment of a riveted shear splice based on a steel probabilistic model","volume":"32","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Fatigue"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-008-9049-3","article-title":"In-service degradation of gas trunk pipeline X52 steel","volume":"44","year":"2008","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.5006\/0010-9312-35.10.435","article-title":"The effect of nonmetallic inclusions on the pitting of mild steel","volume":"35","year":"1979","journal-title":"Corrosion"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref006","first-page":"107","article-title":"Microstructures and selected properties of cast irons used for bridge structures at the late 18th and beginning of the 19th century","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Foundry Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-016-9872-x","article-title":"Diagnostics of hydrogen macrodelamination in the wall of a bent pipe in the system of gas mains","volume":"51","year":"2016","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-015-9756-5","article-title":"Brittle-fracture resistance of the metal of hyperboloid gridshell Shukhov Tower","volume":"50","year":"2015","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"key":"key2020092816481344500_ref009","volume-title":"The Stream of Life Water, To the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Water Supply Pipeline for Mykolaiv City (1906-2006)","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-011-9390-9","article-title":"Specific features of hydrogen-induced corrosion degradation of steels of gas and oil pipelines and oil storage reservoirs","volume":"47","year":"2011","journal-title":"Material Science"},{"key":"key2020092816481344500_ref011","unstructured":"Lesiuk, G. (2013), \u201cMicrostructural and mechanical degradation of 19th puddled steel\u201d, PhD thesis, Wroclaw University of Technology."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-011-9371-z","article-title":"Aspects of structural degradation in steels of old bridges by means of fatigue crack propagation","volume":"47","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acme.2015.06.004","article-title":"The mechanical properties and the microstructural degradation effect in an old low carbon steels after 100-years operating time","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-007-0008-1","article-title":"Abnormal behavior of high-temperature degradation of the weld metal of low-alloy steel welded joints","volume":"43","year":"2007","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s11223-015-9704-5","article-title":"Analysis of long-term in-service degradation of the Shukhov Tower elements","volume":"47","year":"2015","journal-title":"Strength of Materials"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-010-9288-y","article-title":"Evaluation of the influence of shutdowns of a technological process on changes in the in-service state of the metal of main steam pipelines of thermal power plants","volume":"46","year":"2010","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-014-9675-x","article-title":"Structure and properties of the steels of hyperboloid gridshell Shukhov\u2019s Towers after long-term operation","volume":"49","year":"2014","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-938X(85)90093-9","article-title":"The influence of non-metallic inclusions on the corrosion fatigue of mild steel","volume":"25","year":"1985","journal-title":"Corrosion Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000403","article-title":"Corrosion estimation of a historic truss bridge using model updating","volume":"18","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Bridge Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-012-9432-y","article-title":"Anisotropy of the mechanical properties of degraded 15KH1M1F steel after its operation in steam pipelines of thermal power plants","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref021","first-page":"573","article-title":"Degradation of properties of the metal of welded joints in operating gas mains","volume":"46","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materials Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092816481344500_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11003-005-0154-2","article-title":"Electrochemical properties of steels in a model hydrogen galvanic couple","volume":"41","year":"2005","journal-title":"Materials Science"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Structural Integrity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJSI-10-2017-0056\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJSI-10-2017-0056\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:47:21Z","timestamp":1753393641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijsi\/article\/9\/3\/296-306\/157429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJSI-10-2017-0056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijsi-10-2017-0056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-9864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-9864","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]}}}